An airport staffer walks through the rubble of a building in Sanaa, Yemen, on Dec. 21, 2021.KHALED ABDULLAH/Reuters
The United Nations said Thursday that Yemen’s warring parties have agreed to renew a nationwide truce for another two months. The development offered a glimmer of hope for the country, plagued by eight years of civil war – though significant obstacles remain to lasting peace.
The ceasefire between Yemen’s internationally recognized government and the Iran-backed Houthi rebels initially came into effect on April 2. And though each side at times accused the other of violating the ceasefire, it was the first nationwide truce in the past six years of the conflict in the Arab World’s most impoverished nation.
The announcement, which is the outcome of UN efforts, came only few hours before the original truce was set to expire later on Thursday.
“The truce represents a significant shift in the trajectory of the war and has been achieved through responsible and courageous decision making by the parties,” UN Special Envoy for Yemen Hans Grundberg said in a statement. He said he will mediate between the warring parties to solidify the new truce and to try to eventually reach a political settlement to end the conflict.
President Joe Biden welcomed the development and stressed that ending the war in Yemen has been a priority of his administration. “I urge all parties to move expeditiously towards a comprehensive and inclusive peace process. Our diplomacy will not rest until a permanent settlement is in place,” he said.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said that “regional and international support will remain critical for the continuation and successful implementation of the truce.”
The fighting in Yemen erupted in 2014, when the Houthis descended from their northern enclave and took over the capital of Sanaa, forcing the internationally recognized government to flee into exile in Saudi Arabia. A Saudi-led coalition entered the war in early 2015 to try to restore the government to power.
The conflict, which eventually descended into a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran, has killed over 150,000 people, including over 14,500 civilians, and created one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises, pushing millions of Yemenis to the brink of famine.
In his statement, Biden also lauded the Saudi government for what he said reflected “courageous leadership” in endorsing and implementing the UN-led truce. His remarks came as overriding U.S. strategic interests in oil and security have recently pushed the administration to rethink the arms-length stance that Biden pledged to take with the Saudis as a candidate for the White House.
Biden’s initial position was provoked by the gruesome 2018 killing at the Saudi Consulate in Turkey of U.S.-based journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a critic of the de facto Saudi ruler, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Khashoggi was killed by a team of Saudi agents, including individuals who worked for the crown prince’s office. His remains have not been found.
The provisions of the original truce included reopening the roads around the besieged city of Taiz, establishing two commercial flights a week between Sanaa and Jordan and Egypt, and also allowing 18 vessels carrying fuel into the port of Hodeida. Both Sanaa and Hodeida are controlled by the Houthi rebels.
Later Thursday, the Yemeni government’s presidential council expressed its support for the UN envoy’s efforts and reiterated that that Houthis must be prompted to reopen roads around Taiz, according to the state-run SABA news agency.
In a statement, Mahdi al-Mashat, head of the Houthis supreme political council which runs rebel-held areas, said the Houthis decided to “respond positively” to the UN envoy’s push to renew the truce in order “to alleviate the suffering” of the Yemeni people, and to allow more time for the implementation of all provisions included in the original ceasefire agreement.
In recent weeks, commercial flights have resumed from Sanaa, and fuel shipments have arrived. However, the opening of the roads around Taiz remains a contested issue and both sides have yet to agree on a framework for lifting the blockade on the key city.
Fighting, air strikes and bombardment have subsided since the truce first started in early April, and the rebels have ceased their cross-border attacks on Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the two pillars of the Saudi-led coalition.
The Norwegian Refugee Council’s Yemen director, Erin Hutchinson, expressed hopes that the ceasefire would lead to the reopening of roads so that humanitarian aid can reach those in need and so that more displaced Yemenis could return to their homes.
Many Yemenis and observers point to the fact that fighting has been reduced, but not completely stopped. According to the Norwegian humanitarian group, the original truce resulted in a more than 50 per cent drop in the number of civilian casualties in the first month.
The head of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Nayef al-Hajraf, also welcomed the truce extension, expressing hopes it would be conducive to a comprehensive peace. The Saudi-based GCC – representing Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE – makes economic policies for the bloc, serving as a Sunni-led Arab counterweight to Shiite power Iran.
The European Union’s delegation to Yemen welcomed the move in a tweet and underscored the importance of lifting the Taiz blockade.
Earlier, UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric said Yemen’s humanitarian needs remain high despite improvements since the truce, with some 19 million expected to face hunger this year, including more than 160,000 who will face famine-like conditions.
“Aid agencies need $4.28-billion to assist 17.3 million people across the country this year,” but only 26 per cent of that amount has been funded, he said, urging donors to pledge money and turn pledges into cash.
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