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A police officer guards metal fencing erected on the end of Rollestone Street, the location of the John Baker House for homeless people, in Salisbury, England, on July 5, 2018.Matt Dunham/The Associated Press

The lead counsel for a public inquiry into the 2018 death of a British woman poisoned by a Soviet-developed nerve agent said Monday that there was enough poison in the vial she unwittingly opened to kill thousands of people.

Dawn Sturgess and her partner collapsed after they came into contact with a discarded perfume bottle containing the nerve agent Novichok in the southwest England town of Amesbury. She had sprayed the contents of the bottle on her wrist and died days later. Her partner survived.

“The evidence will suggest that this bottle – which we shall hear contained enough poison to kill thousands of people – must earlier have been left somewhere in a public place creating the obvious risk that someone would find it and take it home,” lead counsel Andrew O’Connor said.

Their exposure came four months after a former Russian intelligence officer, Sergei Skripal, and his daughter were sickened by Novichok in an attack in the nearby city of Salisbury.

Britain has blamed Russian intelligence, but Moscow has denied any role. Russian President Vladimir Putin called Mr. Skripal, a double agent for the United Kingdom during his espionage days, a “scumbag” of no interest to the Kremlin because he was exchanged in a spy swap in 2010.

The Skripals won’t testify during the inquiry out of fear for their safety.

But in a witness statement to the inquiry, Mr. Skripal said that the attack was a shock because it was “not honourable” to kill people who had been exchanged.

“I had received a presidential pardon and was a free man with no convictions under Russian law. I never thought the Russian regime would try to murder me in Great Britain,” Mr. Skripal said in a statement read by Mr. O’Connor. “They could have killed me easily if they wanted to when I was in prison.”

He said he believed that Mr. Putin “must have at least given permission for the attack.”

“I believe Putin makes all important decisions himself,” his statement said.

Attorney Michael Mansfield, who was speaking for Ms. Sturgess’s family and partner, said the evidence suggested a risk to Mr. Skripal was foreseeable. He said central questions for the inquiry are whether he and British authorities recognized that he posed a threat to the community.

“If the attack could and should have been prevented by the U.K. authorities, Dawn’s family and partner are entitled to know – so are the wider public; was there a failure to prevent a chemical weapons attack on U.K. soil?” he told the inquiry. “Were countless members of the public put at risk, with the potential for hundreds or even thousands of deaths?”

Heather Hallett, the coroner who held the 2018 inquest into Ms. Sturgess’s death, said that a public inquiry was needed to conduct a complete look at how the woman died. Unlike inquests, which are routinely held in cases when the cause of death is unknown or if someone dies violently, public inquiries are allowed to consider sensitive intelligence material.

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