Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan gives a press conference during the NATO Summit in Vilnius on July 12.LUDOVIC MARIN/AFP/Getty Images
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Wednesday that Sweden’s NATO membership bid would not be ratified by Turkey’s parliament before October, but that he hopes for a swift ratification once lawmakers return from a break.
Turkey on Monday withdrew its objections to Sweden joining the alliance, a step toward the unity that Western leaders have been eager to demonstrate in the face of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The decision by Erdogan was a significant move toward Sweden’s membership and came after days of intensive meetings.
Erdogan’s comments Wednesday were his first public confirmation of his decision to refer Sweden’s membership to parliament, where his party and its allies command a majority.
He said at a news conference at the NATO summit in Vilnius, Lithuania, that the process would have to wait until after lawmakers return from a summer recess. The new session opens Oct. 1.
“The parliament is not in session for the upcoming two months but our target is to finalize this matter as swiftly as possible,” he said.
The president’s apparent change of heart - after a year of blocking Sweden’s bid - came after Sweden pledged deeper cooperation with Turkey on counterterrorism and to support Turkey’s ambition to revive its EU membership bid. In addition, the NATO secretary-general said the alliance would establish a special coordinator for counterterrorism.
Erdogan highlighted these commitments, describing a draft roadmap of 17 articles framed by Sweden and presented by Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson to Erdogan when they met Monday.
“A bilateral security mechanism will be established at the ministerial level and we will increase our cooperation and collaboration in our fight against the terrorist organizations,” he said, referring to the new Turkey-Sweden deal.
“At the same time, Sweden will actively support the Republic of Turkey in the update of the customs union, visa liberalization and the membership process of Turkey to the European Union.”
Erdogan added that Sweden will help lift arms embargoes imposed on Turkey. “After those promises are kept, we will of course continue with (Sweden’s NATO) membership process.”
Finland has already become the 31st member of the alliance, and Sweden is on deck to become the 32nd. Both Nordic countries were historically nonaligned until the war increased fears of Russian aggression.
Turkey wants “this process to be over as soon as possible,” Erdogan said, referring to the ratification process. The deal would first be discussed by the parliament’s foreign affairs committee before going to a vote in the main chamber.
Erdogan must also win over the political parties aligned to his Justice and Development Party (AKP) that give him a parliamentary majority following elections in May. These include a small Islamist group, which on Wednesday said it opposed Sweden joining NATO as it “allows attacks on Islamic values” — a reference to the burning of Qurans during protests in Stockholm.
Erdogan also addressed a central point of contention over Sweden’s bid — what Ankara perceives as its soft stance on terrorism, particularly Kurdish militants and those it associates with an attempted coup against Erdogan in 2016. Turkey has also complained in the past about what it considers terrorist activity in other European countries.
Erdogan welcomed the creation of a “special coordinator” for counter-terrorism within NATO. “Fighting against terrorist organizations is our red line, so from now on we expect all our allies to show a principled stance in their fight against terrorist organizations,” he said.
Turkey’s agreement on Sweden has also been linked to Ankara’s efforts to acquire new F-16 fighter planes and upgrade kits for its existing fighter fleet from the U.S.
Both Turkish and U.S. officials have denied any connection but on Tuesday U.S. President Joe Biden signaled that the U.S. intended to proceed with the sale.
“I’m much more optimistic than I’ve ever been,” Erdogan said when asked about the F-16 deal.
“Mr. Biden stated that he will do his best and that he will follow this process and he said that he’s optimistic about it. But just as the parliament in Turkey has to ratify an agreement, in the United States the Congress has to ratify it.”