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Warby Parker(NYSE: WRBY)
Q1 2024 Earnings Call
May 09, 2024, 8:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Hello, and welcome to today's Warby Parker first quarter 2024 conference call. My name is Bailey, and I will be the moderator for today. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. [Operator instructions] I'd now like to pass the conference over to Jaclyn Berkley, head of investor relations.
Please go ahead.
Jaclyn Berkley -- Head of Investor Relations
Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Here with me today are Neil Blumenthal and Dave Gilboa, our co-founders and co-CEOs, alongside Steve Miller, senior vice president and chief financial officer. Before we begin, we have a couple of reminders. Our earnings release and slide presentation are available on our website at investors.warbyparker.com.
During this call and in our presentation, we will be making comments of a forward-looking nature. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of various risks and uncertainties. For more information about some of these risks, please review the company's SEC filings, including the section titled Risk Factors in the company's latest annual report on Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements are based on information as of May 9th, 2024, and except as required by law, we assume no obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements.
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Additionally, we will be discussing certain non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are in addition to and not a substitute for measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of our non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable U.S.
GAAP measures can be found in this morning's press release and our slide deck available on our IR website. And with that, I'll pass it over to Neil to kick us off.
Neil Blumenthal -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Jaclyn, and good morning, everyone. The momentum in our business continued to build throughout the first quarter, primarily driven by strength in our retail channel and glasses business. We are pleased to have delivered record-high quarterly revenue and adjusted EBITDA in Q1, along with improvements to gross margin. Our Q1 net revenue of $200 million was up 16.3% year over year, and adjusted gross margin was 56.9%, up from 55.2% in Q1 last year.
We also delivered adjusted EBITDA of $22.4 million, representing an 11.2% margin. Over the last couple of years, in spite of challenging industry dynamics, we continued strategically investing in the business for the long term, including expanding our store footprint, hiring optometrists, scaling our contacts business, introducing new frame and lens innovation and, more recently, reinvesting in marketing. Our Q1 results are evidence that these investments are bearing fruit and demonstrate our team's ability to execute and deliver incremental growth and profitability. Based on our first quarter performance, we are raising our full year guidance for both net revenue and adjusted EBITDA.
Steve will provide more detail on our financial results and guidance, but first, Dave and I will review our progress against Warby Parker's strategic priorities, as well as the drivers of our Q1 results. I'll start first with the positive inflection in our glasses business, where we saw strength in single-vision glasses and progressives. In Q1, glasses overall drove approximately 70% of our revenue growth for the quarter. And as a product line, glasses grew over 13% year over year, compared to average growth of 8% over the course of 2023.
In addition, glasses are our highest-margin product and the primary driver of gross margin expansion in the quarter. We attribute the improvement in glasses growth to many of our core strategic investments, including marketing, the expansion of our store fleet, and scaling of our exam business, as well as positive e-commerce growth. We were particularly encouraged by the improvement in single-vision glasses, which continue to make up the majority of our prescription glasses business. A key contributor to this growth was our marketing efforts to drive customer growth, especially within acquisition channels like paid social and streaming, which cater more to our single vision customer.
More broadly, we continue to see strong adoption of higher-priced frames and more complex lens types like precision progressives, which offer customers better visual quality and comfort at a fraction of the price of what similar products often cost elsewhere. Progressives overall still only represent approximately 22% of our prescription glasses sold in Q1, and we continue to believe there's a significant opportunity to increase penetration over time. Underpinning single vision strength and glasses performance overall is our ongoing product innovation, which involves regularly introducing new designs, colorways, materials, and sizes. In Q1, we launched four collections featuring a variety of innovative frame constructions and price points, ranging from our core $95 up to $145, a $175, and a $195.
This included our Terra Collection, a unique capsule assortment that incorporated our signature graduated rivets alongside metal detailing and polished cellulose acetate. We continue to see customers opt in to higher priced frames and lens enhancements, including anti-fatigue and light responsive, which have contributed nicely to average revenue per customer. Scaling our eye exam business, including exam utilization, has had and will continue to have a direct impact on our glasses business. We find that exam stores drive higher sales than non-exam stores.
And, industrywide, approximately 75% of prescription glasses are purchased at the same location where an eye exam takes place. As we've increased the number of stores offering eye exams, we have seen strong growth in average revenue per customer driven by eye exam revenue, a higher penetration of progressive lenses, and contact lenses. While we have yet to see evidence of a return to normalcy in the optical industry, we've observed encouraging trends within our business, giving us the confidence to invest in customer acquisition to drive growth and profitability amid the dynamic consumer environment. The second driver of our growth was expanding our highly productive store base, coupled with further improvement in our e-commerce channel.
We saw strength in our retail channel in particular, with retail revenue increasing over 24% year over year, compared to store count growth of approximately 20% year over year. Since Q1 of last year, we've added 41 net new stores, including eight in Q1 of 2024, all of which were expansions within existing markets and in largely suburban markets. We added additional stores in the southeast near Atlanta, Miami, and Orlando, as well as in the Mountain West region near Salt Lake City and Las Vegas. To further contextualize the opportunity ahead of us, over 50% of the major metropolitan areas we operate in only have one store.
With an ending store count of 245 in Q1, we still have a long runway before reaching our longer-term 900-store potential, which would still represent a small fraction of the 45,000 optical shops in the U.S. We continue to see strong returns from our new stores and remain on track to add a total of 40 new stores in 2024. In Q1, our e-commerce channel continued to improve, growing 2% year over year and contributing to overall top-line growth and fixed-cost leverage. We saw strength in contact lenses from both new and returning customers, as well as improvement in our single-vision glasses business.
As we shared on our last call, the composition of our e-commerce channel is evolving, with Home Try-On driving a smaller percentage of our orders, as we've scaled our store base and as customers are increasingly comfortable purchasing directly online with the support of our virtual Try-On feature. Given this [Technical difficulty], overall channel growth is benefiting from a positive inflection in direct glasses purchases, which is being offset by an ongoing, but diminishing headwind from our Home Try-On program. Looking ahead, we believe that our e-commerce business is on a path toward long-term sustainable growth. And now, I'll pass it over to Dave to talk about additional growth drivers.
Dave Gilboa -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Neil. We told you in our last call that, our goal for this year was to reaccelerate glasses growth and active customer growth, and we are pleased that the year is off to a good start across both dimensions. We believe a core reason for this is our team's strong marketing execution. We're proud of what our marketing team has achieved year-to-date, curating high-impact brand moments, while driving efficient growth.
In Q1, marketing spend was concentrated in two main categories. The first being long-term investments to drive brand affinity and awareness, and the second being investments to drive customer acquisition and near-term transactions. Hopefully, many of you were able to experience the great North American solar eclipse on April 8. We took the opportunity to celebrate this rare celestial event by designing and distributing free eclipse glasses in our stores, with the goal of making viewing safe and accessible for customers.
This activation drove our highest retail traffic week ever, generated thousands of press mentions, and enabled our stores to grow awareness within their communities. We continue to hear that the number one reason people, who are familiar with Warby Parker but have not shopped with us is that they're not aware there is a store nearby. We believe that the excitement around the eclipse created significant awareness of our growing store footprint, and when many of these consumers need their next exam or to purchase their next pair of glasses, Warby Parker will be top of mind. We were also excited to work with like-minded partners to extend the reach and impact of our campaign, including Delta Airlines, who distributed custom, co-branded solar eclipse glasses to passengers aboard their eclipse flights and to travelers in select Delta Sky Clubs.
Overall, we were very pleased with the strong engagement we saw across the country and believe our investment in the eclipse will drive brand awareness and goodwill over the long term. We've also focused on using product collections to expand awareness within influential audiences. Earlier in the quarter, we launched our first collaboration of the year with New York-based fashion label, Theophilio. Edvin Thompson, Theophilio's creative director and founder, is one of the fastest-rising stars in fashion and won the CFDA's coveted Emerging Designer of the Year award.
We believe targeted, limited-edition collaborations like this speak to a more fashion-oriented consumer while elevating brand perception. We continue to invest in customer acquisition through our new stores and diversified media model. We allocate a portion of our media spend to linear TV and search, where we continue to see positive results. At the same time, we've been testing and scaling additional channels like influencer, direct mail, and streaming, where we've also seen strong returns.
As a result of our marketing efforts, it was encouraging to see strong sequential revenue growth and, in particular, glasses growth, while maintaining marketing in the low teens as a percentage of revenue. You'll see us continue to stay disciplined while leaning into these marketing strategies the rest of the year. Our stores and marketing initiatives have also driven our third consecutive quarter of improving active customer growth, a trend we expect to continue throughout the year. We ended Q1 with 2.4 million active customers, an increase of 3.2% on a trailing-12-month basis, while average revenue per customer grew 9.6%.
And we continue to see positive customer retention metrics and repeat purchasing patterns across cohorts, including a revenue retention rate of roughly 50% over 24 months and roughly 100% over 48 months for the most recent cohort. The fourth and final growth strategy I'll dive into this quarter is our effort to scale holistic vision care and drive higher customer lifetime value. In Q1, contact lens sales grew approximately 40% year over year to a little over 9% of revenue, which remains well below the 20% industry average. We plan to continue to grow this portion of our business as it not only attracts new customers, but also some of our highest-value customers, given the replenishment nature of the product and their propensity to go on to purchase glasses.
In the quarter, eye exam revenue also grew over 40% year over year to approximately 5% of revenue, which remains well below the approximately 15% industry average. Today, the majority of our customers still get their eye exams elsewhere and bring their prescriptions to Warby Parker, highlighting the opportunity in front of us. As we've increased the number of stores offering eye exams, including stores with in-person and remote doctors, we have seen strong growth in average revenue per customer, driven by eye exam revenue, a strong uptake of precision progressives and contact lenses. Finally, as many of you know, earlier this year, we announced an expanded relationship with Versant Health, a wholly owned subsidiary of MetLife, which will bring an additional 15 million lives in-network with Warby Parker and nearly double the number of lives with in-network insurance access with us to over 34 million.
Our phased integration began earlier this month and will continue throughout the next couple of quarters. We look forward to updating you as the integration moves forward. In parallel, we continue to leverage our universal eligibility check tool in stores and online to help customers easily locate their in-network insurance coverage and average out-of-network benefits. Most out-of-network plans cover an average of $100 reimbursement for a pair of glasses or contacts, meaning that these customers often pay zero out-of-pocket for their eyewear purchase at Warby Parker.
Looking ahead, we're eager to build upon the momentum we've seen throughout the business and plan to maintain a healthy balance between driving growth and expanding adjusted EBITDA margins. And now, I'll turn it over to Steve to review the details of our financial performance.
Steve Miller -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Neil and Dave. Revenue for the first quarter came in at $200 million, up 16.3% year over year. From a channel perspective, retail revenue increased 24.4% year over year, while e-commerce revenue increased 1.8% versus Q1 of 2023. Turning to our stores, we added 41 net new stores over the course of the last 12 months, ending the quarter with 245 stores, up from 204 stores at the end of Q1 2023.
This 20% increase in our store count compares to a retail revenue growth of more than 24% over the same period. Looking at Q1 retail performance on a blended basis, including both new stores and stores opened greater than 12 months, retail productivity was 102% as compared to the same period last year. As a reminder, we define retail productivity as the year-over-year change in retail sales per store for the average number of stores opened in the period. This metric covers all stores opened in the period, even new stores opened in the last 12 months.
Our new stores continue to deliver strong unit economics, performing in line with our target of 35% four-wall margins and 20-month paybacks. Two-thirds of our 2022 cohort have now paid back in an average of 17 months, and the cohort as a whole is on track for approximately 20 months. For stores opened more than 12 months, average revenue per store was $2.2 million and performance was in line with our target 35% four-wall adjusted EBITDA margins. Over the course of the past year, we added nearly 50 net new eye exam locations, bringing our stores with eye exams to 204, or 83% of our total fleet of 245 stores.
From a channel mix perspective, for the first quarter, retail represented 69% of our overall business. This compares to 64% in Q1 2023. From a customer perspective, we finished Q1 with 2.36 million active customers, which we believe is more reflective of active households and represents an increase of 3.2% on a trailing 12-month basis. As we've started anniversarying marketing spend pullbacks in Q2 of last year, we've been pleased to see the sequential improvements in year-over-year active customer growth.
Starting in Q2, our trailing 12-month metric will no longer capture periods that had significant marketing spend pullbacks, so we anticipate seeing this metric continue to inflect upward throughout the year. We also continue to see strength in average revenue per customer of $296 in Q1, up 9.6% year over year. This was driven by a few factors, including an increase in higher priced lenses, including progressives, and continued ramping of both contact lens and eye exam sales. As previously noted, we have multi-user accounts, in which one person in the household places an order on behalf of others.
And if we look at our customers on an individual basis, we served 2.49 million individuals, which is up 4.5% on a trailing 12-month basis and reflects average revenue per individual up 8.3%. Moving on to gross margin. As a reminder, our gross margin is fully loaded and accounts for a range of costs, including frames, lenses, optical labs, customer shipping, optometrist salaries, store rents, and the depreciation of store build-outs. Our gross margin also includes stock-based compensation expense for our optometrists and optical lab employees.
For comparability, I will be speaking to gross margin, excluding stock-based compensation. First quarter adjusted gross margin came in at 56.9% compared to 55.2% in the year-ago period. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by faster growth in our glasses business, which is our highest gross margin product category, efficiencies in our owned optical laboratories, and lower outbound customer shipping costs, as a percent of revenue. As expected, we saw stability and modest leverage within the more fixed portion of our cost of goods, including retail occupancy as we've continued to scale our store base.
Partially offsetting gross margin leverage in Q1 were higher optometrist salaries as the number of stores offering eye exams grew and continued strength in contact lenses and eye exams, which have lower gross margin profiles than eyeglasses, but over the medium and long term, are accretive to gross profit dollars, which were up 20% year over year in Q1. Expanding our contacts offering is a core part of scaling our holistic vision care offering and a key driver of growing average revenue per customer. In addition, contact lenses have a higher purchase frequency and subscription-like purchase cycle. All in all, we're pleased with our gross margin in Q1, and we continue to have confidence in our ability to consistently deliver mid-50s gross margin this year, as we expect glasses growth to offset the dilutive effects of contacts and eye exam growth.
Shifting gears to SG&A. As a reminder, SG&A for our business includes three main components, salary expense for our headquarters, customer experience and retail employees, marketing spend, including our Home Try-On program, and general corporate overhead expenses. Adjusted SG&A excludes non-cash costs like stock-based compensation expenses. Adjusted SG&A in the first quarter came in at $103.4 million, or 51.7% of revenue.
This compares to Q1 2023 adjusted SG&A of $87.2 million, or 50.7% of revenue. The primary source of deleverage in the quarter was marketing spend increasing as a percent of revenue from 11.7% to 12.4%, while non-marketing SG&A remained flat as a percent of revenue at approximately 39%. In addition, we also saw natural increases in retail salaries as we expanded our store base, as well as investments in fully integrating our new ERP system, which we anticipate will begin to moderate in Q2 and the rest of the year. As a reminder, this year, we expect to keep marketing spend in the low teens as a percent of revenue.
Marketing spend for the quarter came in at $24.9 million, or 12.4% of revenue. This is up from $20.1 million and 11.7% of revenue in the same period last year. Turning now to adjusted EBITDA. In the first quarter, we generated adjusted EBITDA of $22.4 million, representing an adjusted EBITDA margin of 11.2%, which compares to adjusted EBITDA of $17.7 million, or 10.3% of revenue in the year-ago period.
Turning now to our balance sheet. We were free cash flow positive for the fourth consecutive quarter and ended with a strong balance sheet position reflecting approximately $220 million in cash, which we will continue to deploy deliberately to support our growth and operations. We also have an undrawn credit facility of $120 million that we can increase to $175 million. Now to our outlook.
We are encouraged by our momentum year to date, but we still are maintaining a conservative stance on guiding our business, given the broader macroeconomic environment. Given our performance in Q1, we're revising our full year 2024 guidance higher to the following. Revenue of $753 million to $761 million, representing approximately 12.5% to 13.5% year-over-year growth. Adjusted EBITDA of $70 million at the midpoint of our revenue range, which equals an adjusted EBITDA margin of 9.2%; stability in gross margin in the mid-50s as a percent of revenue, consistent with last year, and 40 new store openings.
We anticipate adjusted EBITDA margin expansion over the remainder of the year will be driven more by leverage within SG&A as new stores ramp, as we see marketing spend consistent as a percent of revenue, and as we leverage our corporate expense overhead. As a reminder, because of the brand campaign in Q3 last year, we anticipate this year's Q3 will be more profitable than Q2. We anticipate gross margin closer to the mid-50s in line with our full year guidance. We plan to continue to drive growth from both contacts and eye exams and offset the dilutive impact of these offerings by continuing to scale our glasses business, as well as efficiencies achieved through our in-house optical labs.
We also expect to see lower year-over-year growth from some of the more fixed components of our COGS stack, including optometrist salaries and store rents. We're still forecasting stock-based compensation as a percentage of net revenue in 2024 to be approximately 6% compared with 10.5% in 2023. Stock-based compensation for both periods is above our long-term forecast, as a result of the multi-year equity grants to our co-CEOs in 2021. We still anticipate stock-based compensation to normalize to a range of 2% to 4% of net revenue next year.
For Q2 2024, we're guiding to the following. Revenue between $185 million and $187 million, which represents growth of approximately 11.5% to 12.5% year over year. Quarter to date, we've observed 101% productivity in our retail stores versus the same period last year. As we've seen more consistency in our business across channels, we do not plan to share intra-quarter metrics going forward.
Our quarterly guidance reflects our outlook for retail productivity and e-commerce in the relevant period. From a bottom-line perspective in Q2 2024, we're guiding to adjusted EBITDA of approximately $17 million, representing a margin of 9.1% at the midpoint of our range. Thank you again for joining us this morning. With that, Neil, Dave, and I are pleased to take your questions.
Operator, please open the line for Q&A.
Questions & Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator instructions] Our first question today comes from the line of Oliver Chen from TD Cowen. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Oliver Chen -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Hi, Neil, David, and Steve. The active customer growth momentum is quite impressive and attractive. What do you see happening there longer term in terms of your longer-term target growth rate of active customer growth? And then in your comments, you call out macro, and we're seeing a bifurcated customer generally, in terms of the health of the consumer, but you also call that more consistency. Would love your thoughts on traffic trends you're seeing, and if the consumer is still being very considered and how that may or may not interplay with what you're thinking about price points.
And lastly, you gave a lot of great ingredients, Steve, on fixed versus variable. What are the rough, fixed versus variable mixes? And as you think longer term, what are you most excited about in terms of margin expansion? Thank you.
Neil Blumenthal -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Oliver. This is Neil. On active customer growth, we continue to see improvement there, and we've been seeing that for a while, particularly as we think about sort of the in-period metric. As a reminder, what we share publicly is a trailing 12-month metric.
That still includes periods, where we pulled back significantly in marketing when we saw slowing demand during periods last year. So, we anticipate that our active customer growth will continue to increase. We're also continuing to deploy more capital toward customer acquisitions across more diverse channels and are finding success. We continue to invest with discipline to ensure that we're getting the returns that we'd like.
We continue to see really strong customer lifetime value, as you see in our slides related to sales retention rate. So, we're pretty excited about what we're seeing with respect to what we have control over, right, the deployment of marketing resources. That being said, your next question about the macro, we are seeing sort of more consistency, I would say, sort of month to month, but still we tend to be in the best retail centers across the country, and traffic still hasn't sort of rebounded to what we would have expected at this point. And if we think about the broader optical category, it still has not returned to normalcy.
But as a business, we're going to continue to stay focused on what we can control, which is sort of marketing, sort of managing our expense base so we can continue to grow and acquire customers while expanding profitability. And that's sort of the mantra here at Warby, irrespective of the macro, we're going to gain market share and grow sustainably.
Steve Miller -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks for your question on margin, Oliver. The color that we've given in terms of fixed versus variable, particularly as it relates to gross margin, is approximately 60% of our costs are variable, and that's a good number to stick with for now. We're excited to take up our full year adjusted EBITDA number and margin, so that adjusted EBITDA margin is increasing 130 basis points year over year, and excited to add that to the full year based on the strong performance we saw in Q1. In terms of what we're most excited about that will continue to drive margins.
So, one, we saw in Q1 an acceleration in glasses growth. Glasses, as a reminder, is our highest margin product category, and, in particular, progressives and our new precision progressive lens in particular, is driving really strong gross margin and gross profit dollars. We also plan to maintain marketing intensity. That's marketing as a percent of revenue in the low-teens at around 12% of revenue and we plan to be disciplined as we deploy marketing spend.
We also expect to see continued margin improvement as we ramp new store productivity and as we achieve labor efficiencies and higher eye exam utilization at our newer eye exam stores. As a reminder, we've added approximately 50 eye exam locations over the past year. It's critical for us to be able to serve the customer, but it also takes some time for eye exam offerings to ramp up. And lastly, is just maintaining discipline with and leveraging our corporate expense base.
We're adding very selectively to corporate expenses, and we'll continue to see that as a source of leverage over time.
Oliver Chen -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Thanks very much. Very helpful. Best regards.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question today comes from the line of Dana Telsey from Telsey Group. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Dana Telsey -- Telsey Advisory Group -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning, everyone, and nice to see the progress on the results. With the glasses penetration, it seems like moving higher and being higher margin. The drivers of the glasses penetration, is it the newness in the product.
And are you seeing higher prices also, and what are you seeing from the customer base, new customers online versus in-store? And then lastly, Steve, you mentioned that, obviously you'll no longer be giving guidance on some of those store metrics that you mentioned. On new markets versus existing in terms of where you're opening this year, has anything changed in how you're looking on the productivity profile of store openings? Thank you.
Dave Gilboa -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
It's Dave. Thanks, Dana. In terms of glasses, it really comes from great execution from multiple parts of our business, starting from our team designing and bringing to life beautiful and innovative products to continue to open stores, that are conveniently located to -- for our customer base, to strong execution on the marketing and customer acquisition front, as Neil was mentioning, and to all the investments that we have been making over the last few years to deliver great products and accessible experiences for customers are delivering and our marketing messages are resonating. And we're seeing strong adoption of our newer products, ranging from precision progressives, as Steve mentioned, to new collections at a variety of price points, including some of our higher price collections, $145, $175, and $195.
In terms of where we're generating new customers from, we continue to see that our stores are the primary way that our customers are engaging with Warby Parker, and are seeing strong results from our stores. We saw our retail revenue grow over 24% year over year, while our store base increased 20%. And so, even as many of those new stores are ramping, are seeing really strong performance out of retail and continue to see the majority of our customers and the majority of new customers come from those stores.
Steve Miller -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
And Dana, for your question as it relates to the productivity of stores in new markets versus existing markets, we're seeing a lot of consistency in productivity, whether it's a greenfield new market or whether we're expanding in existing market. In 2023, as a reminder, we opened up stores in 17 new markets and 17 existing markets. We're very pleased with the productivity curve we're seeing in those new markets opened in 2023. And the numbers that we talked about earlier in terms of average revenue per store of $2.2 million, 20-month paybacks, and a path to achieving 35% four-wall margins within 24 months, usually sooner than that, we're seeing both within our existing markets and within our new markets.
We also talked about, the majority of our stores already having paid back from our 2022 cohort. And as a reminder, in 2022, we opened up stores in just five new markets. And across those five new markets, we're seeing very consistent performance across the dimensions that we talked about.
Dana Telsey -- Telsey Advisory Group -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question today comes from the line of Mark Altschwager from Baird. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Amy Teske -- Baird -- Analyst
Morning. This is Amy Teske on for Mark. To start, you noted that productivity trends were 102% in the quarter, which implies some moderation from where you were tracking at the end of February. So, I was hoping you could speak to some of those trends through the quarter.
And then second, if you could comment on learnings from your recent marketing investments? It seems like the eclipse glasses campaign really drove a lot of buzz. So, wondering if you're seeing any direct correlation to new customer acquisition yet?
Dave Gilboa -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
To store productivity question, we typically see that number fluctuate over the course of the quarter. When we talked about that number in February, it was closer to 106%. And the large reason for that was because we were comping against a period where we had bad weather and some easier comps. We also had some fluctuation in that number over the course of Q1, given some bad weather in early January, which normalized.
So, the 102% number is more in line with the intra-quarter visibility that we've given on previous calls. And we view that as a positive indicator of the performance of our store fleet this year versus last year.
Neil Blumenthal -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
On the marketing front, we did see the solar eclipse activation really drive a lot of traffic and sales, some within Q1 and then some into Q2. It actually drove our highest retail traffic week ever. We were distributing hundreds of thousands of these eclipse viewers. And this comes from sort of a tradition at Warby to do fun things to engage the community and our customers.
So, we first celebrated solar eclipse back in 2017 and included a big block party in front of our store in Nashville. That was in the path of totality. And we took those learnings and applied it to the great North American eclipse on April 8th. Also, in the past, we had the Warby Parker class trip, where we purchased an old yellow school bus, took out the seats, replaced those with oak shelving, and basically had a mobile store that traveled across the country.
So, we share these as examples of some of our brand marketing initiatives that you'll see us continue to engage with over the course of the year and next year, as marketing spend has now sort of normalized. We've also been able to sort of diversify the channels across linear and streaming, paid social, direct mail, creator, and influencer. And we're finding that this diversified approach is leading to stable acquisition costs that give us confidence in our ability to continue to drive customer growth.
Amy Teske -- Baird -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
The next question today comes from the line of Mark Mahaney from Evercore. Your line is now open.
Mark Mahaney -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Hey, thank and congrats on the customer momentum. I wanted to ask about insurance channels. So, can you just bring us up to date on where you are in terms of being able to access more customers through those channels, getting more coverage? Thanks a lot.
Neil Blumenthal -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mark. Yes. We continue to make good progress on the insurance front. The partnership that we announced last quarter with Versant MetLife, the integration there is on track.
We launched a very small pilot earlier this month, but the vast majority of those lives will be integrated in the coming months. And we expect that the incremental 15.5 million lives will be able to use their in-network benefits by the end of the year. I should note that we haven't included contribution from this partnership into our guidance, given that those lives are not integrated just yet. And then, we continue to see positive trends from our existing insurance relationships with increasing utilization over time, as employees understand that they can use their in-network benefits with Warby Parker.
We find that kind of awareness grows, along with those relationships are in place, and continue to see strong utilization trends. And we also believe that the investments that we've been making to scale our business, and in particular, continuing to open stores across the country, continuing to hire lots of eye doctors, make us a natural and attractive partner to other insurance carriers and such, are excited to make progress there and, in particular, are excited to welcome lots of new Versant MetLife members to Warby Parker later this year.
Mark Mahaney -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
Operator
The next question today comes from the line of Janine Stichter from BTIG. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Janine Stichter -- BTIG -- Analyst
Hi. Thanks for taking my question. A question for Steve. I wanted to ask about the gross margin guidance in the mid-50s.
Just how to think about the range of outcomes there if we continue to see the glasses offering outperform? And then also, I was just looking for an update on in-store telehealth, which I think you launched last year. Any initial learnings from those tests? Thank you.
Steve Miller -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Jeanine. I'll address the question on gross margin and then turn it over to Neil and Dave for an update on what we're doing in telehealth. So, we're still very comfortable with the guidance that we've given to be in the mid-50s from a gross margin perspective. We're very pleased with the leverage that we saw in Q1, driven by the acceleration of glasses growth.
We are still operating in a dynamic macro environment, with a level of uncertainty that still persists for the optical industry. We are growing faster than others in our category and taking share, which gives us optimism. But at the same time, as we project our business for the remainder of the year, we still want to maintain a thoughtful and prudent stance as it relates to the growth of glasses and the recovery of that category. We are still seeing very strong momentum and growth as it relates to contacts and eye exams.
And so, as we potentially see those two categories make up a greater portion of our product mix in Q2 to Q4, we are still maintaining a conservative approach as to how we're modeling gross margin. It's still in the mid-50s. Assuming glasses margin persists, it could be on the higher end of that range. But for now, I think we want to be thoughtful and maintain a very consistent level of guidance, as we did last year, to be within the mid-50s and perhaps toward the lower end of that range, depending on the ultimate mix we see of glasses, contacts, and exams the remainder of the year.
Dave Gilboa -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
One other thought on gross margin is that we tend to see it highest in Q1, thanks to some of the revenue deferral from Q4 and into Q1 coming out of the FSA season at the very end of the year. That being said, we continue to have great leverage of the fixed costs of COGS, thanks to our retail growth and our e-commerce channels are returning to growth. And we've always maintained that we have significant opportunities to gain leverage over those fixed costs. One of those fixed costs is our investment in our eye exam business, particularly, our doctor salaries.
As you mentioned, we are continuing to invest in telehealth, and we view this as a way to supplement our in-person doctors and provide more availability and convenience to our customers and patients. As we have an in-person doctor, we may be able to have broader hours, thanks to telehealth. So, you'll see us continue to expand the pilots on video-assisted eye exams that we currently have. But the biggest impact will likely be next year as that gets scaled and we continue to sort of invest in that area of our eye exam business.
Janine Stichter -- BTIG -- Analyst
Great. Thanks so much for all the colors.
Operator
The next question today comes from the line of Dylan Carden from William Blair. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Dylan Carden -- William Blair -- Analyst
Thanks a lot. Just curious, how you think about the comp lift from new doctor availability. And if there's sort of incremental marketing that you're putting toward that to kind of grow awareness? I appreciate there's a lag time just sort of given the purchase cycle. And then, if I missed it, apologies, but any color between sort of growth by channel as you think about the second and full year guide revenue? Thanks.
Steve Miller -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes. So, overall, we continue to see that, our stores with doctors drive higher level of sales. And so we've been excited to expand our doctor network and onboard new doctors into all of our new stores. In addition to adding doctors to some of our existing stores.
There is a ramp-up period, as you noted. And there is a big opportunity for us to drive more awareness, that we offer exams and that we have doctors, conveniently located across the country. We find that, even with some of our long-standing customers who have bought multiple glasses from us online, they're not aware that we have stores that are now conveniently located in their cities and there's even less awareness that we have eye exams. And so our team has been focusing on leveraging our increased media investment to drive home some of those messages, whether that's through TV commercials or direct mail campaigns within a certain radius where we're opening new stores or have brought on new doctors.
And so we're excited to continue to build a momentum there. We also believe that as more customers are able to use their in-network benefits, that will also help to increase doctor utilization over time. And in terms of our channel growth, we noted that we continue to see the majority of our growth driven from retail. We have seen e-com influx positively over the last few months here, but still projecting, still guiding to low single-digit growth for e-com for the remainder of the year.
Dylan Carden -- William Blair -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question today comes from the line of Brooke Roach from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.
Evan Dorschner -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Hey, everyone. This is Evan Dorschner on for Brooke. Thanks for taking our question. I guess, first, just a follow-up on Mark's question earlier regarding insurance.
Are you seeing any differences in trends between in-network customers and out-of-network customers and just how they shop? And then separately, could you just talk a little bit more about e-commerce trends? And I know you just mentioned still guiding to low single-digit growth for the year. What's it going to take to drive an even further acceleration? I know things reflected this quarter, especially as you started to lap lower marketing spend last year. Thanks.
Dave Gilboa -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
So, on the insurance front, we tend to find that customers who use their in-network benefits at Warby tend to be some of our best customers. They tend to spend a bit more both for their initial purchase and over time. And so, we're excited to expand that population. The majority of our customers do have vision insurance.
So, 60% of people who shop with us have vision insurance. Some of those people are leveraging their benefits and others just know that they're getting great value with us. But we are excited to make it even easier for people to get value out of those benefits, both in-network and out-of-network. And then as it relates to e-com, we're seeing modest growth at this point, but it is a significant improvement when you compare to where we were a year ago when e-com was a drag on our overall business and was negatively impacting both revenue and gross margin.
Our team has driven better trends, particularly in glasses. And we know that we still have a headwind from Home Try-On as a diminishing portion of our overall sales and our e-commerce sales, but direct glasses purchases are growing nicely. And those direct glasses purchases enable us to serve customers faster. They're also higher margins.
So, we're encouraged by that trend. We also find that a higher percentage of repeat purchases take place online. And so, as our overall installed base of customers grows, that will be a tailwind, in addition to contact sales, largely taking place online as well. And so, we continue to believe that e-commerce is on the right track and will continue to positively impact growth going forward and are excited to continue to evolve our digital experience and introduce some improved digital features that will make shopping more fun and convenient across channels later this year.
Evan Dorschner -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Great. Super helpful. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Jaclyn Berkley -- Head of Investor Relations
Neil Blumenthal -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Dave Gilboa -- Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Steve Miller -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Oliver Chen -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Dana Telsey -- Telsey Advisory Group -- Analyst
Amy Teske -- Baird -- Analyst
Mark Mahaney -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Janine Stichter -- BTIG -- Analyst
Dylan Carden -- William Blair -- Analyst
Evan Dorschner -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
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