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Unum Group(NYSE: UNM)
Q3 2024 Earnings Call
Oct 30, 2024, 8:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning. My name is Mark, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Unum Group 3Q '24 earnings. [Operator instructions] I will now turn the call over to Matt Royal, senior vice president, head of investor relations and treasury.
Matt, please go ahead.
J. Matthew Royal -- Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Great. Thank you, Mark, and good morning to everyone. Welcome to Unum Group's third quarter 2024 earnings call. As Mark said, today we'll begin with prepared remarks followed by a Q&A session.
Also today's call may include forward-looking statements and actual results may differ materially. And we are not obligated to update any of these statements. Please refer to our earnings release and our periodic filings with the SEC for a description of factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected results. Yesterday afternoon, Unum released our third quarter earnings press release and financial supplement.
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Those materials may be found on the investors section of our website, along with a presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP measures and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures included in today's presentation. As a reminder, references made today to core operations, sales, and premium are presented on a constant currency basis. Participating in this morning's conference call are Unum's president and CEO, Rick McKenney; Chief Financial Officer Steve Zabel; Tim Arnold, who heads our colonial life and voluntary benefits lines. Chris Pyne for group benefits and Mark Till, CEO of Unum International.
Now let me turn it over to Rick McKenney for his comments.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. We're excited to discuss our third quarter results and trends as we look to the fourth quarter and begin to look toward 2025. For 2024 growth has been top of mind as we entered the year and through three quarters, we are on a solid path to achieve our EPS growth expectations of 10 to 15% for the full year, which is higher than our original outlook. Results continue to reflect strong broad based performance and cash flow generation.
Adjusted EPS was $2.13 per share and statutory earnings surpassed $300 million for the quarter, bringing us to over $1 billion of statutory earnings for the year. You will note that, additionally, our reported EPS was significantly higher as our assumption updates led to an overall reduction in reserves and contributed to growth in book value per share, X OCI of over 10% so far this year. Our top line remains healthy with a 4.6% increase in core operations premium growth and this is a little bit lower this quarter, but year to date, we are up 5.5%. Persistency remains high, but sales were down over prior year.
Third quarter is our smallest sales quarter at about 10% of the full year, and we saw some difficult comparisons to last year, so it does not have us overly concerned. The important thing is that we are optimistic for the fourth quarter, which is our largest sales quarter. We expect Unum U.S. to build momentum and be within our full year outlook.
Further, we expect sales in the UK will continue to sustain the growth trajectory achieved so far this year, while colonial life will likely be flat for the year. It takes a full team effort and a busy fourth quarter, and we are most appreciative of the resilience of our team. They've done an excellent job navigating the changes in the environment and our market over the last several years. Our focus solely on employee benefits gives an advantage in concentrating our efforts.
Specifically, the investments we've made into our processes have helped solidify the improvements we're delivering for our clients and allowing our highly productive sales teams a differentiated story to tell. This spans from our leading enrollment technologies to ensuring a smooth experience for employees on leave to helping employees get back to a more productive and fulfilling work life sooner. While we have an unwavering customer focus, the macro picture continues to support our resilient business model. The strong employment atmosphere, higher interest rates, and a benign credit environment are all positives.
Looking across the franchise, results in Unum U.S. were highlighted by very strong results in group insurance -- in the group insurance business. Group disability experienced another strong quarter where recoveries drove low benefit levels. This line has been a multi-year strong performer, and we see this continuing in the near term.
Our group life insurance business has been a very strong performer in 2024 with benefit ratios under 70%. We expect similar experience trends to persist across both lines as we head into the fourth quarter. Colonial Life continues to be a valuable franchise with margins continuing to be excellent with an ROE of nearly 20%. Premiums grew 2.5% in the third quarter with strong persistency and sales close to flat.
We would like to see the top line grow faster, and we remain focused on our key strategic initiatives within Colonial Life to do just that. The Gathr platform which transforms benefits, enrollments, and administration, continues to gain momentum with over 75% of new sales implementing Gathr year to date. This is translated to premium sold on the platform of up to -- close to 100% year over year. Our international business had another quarter operating at full strength with robust premium growth of over 10% and U.K.
underlying earnings consistent to last quarter at around 30 million pounds. We continue to see excellent momentum as well in our growing Poland business, and in the U.K. we continue to redefine the broker experience, setting a market leading standard that is distinctly Unum and enhancing our relationship management model. Our business in the U.K.
doesn't always get as much attention given its relative size, but we are very pleased with how our team is executing. Across the enterprise, our discipline and pricing and customer engagement combined with consistent execution translates to solid product returns as we continue to see attractive margins across our lines. Consolidated return on equity was a very healthy 12.5%, and our before tax operating earnings and return on equity under core operations were well above the top end of our most recent outlook ranges. In total, after tax adjusted operating earnings of $398 million increased 4.3% from the same time last year.
The positive results are true for both GAAP and stat, and this cash flow generation flows into the strength of the balance sheet. We have been active in bolstering our balance sheet over the last couple of years across the board. It is true of our investment portfolio where we've increased its credit quality profile and are well positioned for future market cycles. We have also increased reserves and capital behind our long-term care business where we don't expect to need more capital.
With respect to long term care, we continue to actively pursue risk transfer. Long term care insurance is very different from everything else we do and can at times overshadow the strength of our franchise, whereas long term care is for customers very late in life. The core of our strategy and purpose is taking care of people in their working years. It is why removing this overtime and at the right price is very much a strategic objective.
Following the capital picture together with statutory earnings over $300 million, our holding company liquidity ended at $1.4 billion and our RBC was approximately 470%, both at levels well north of our targets. With the balance sheet actions taken last year, the substantial free cash flow generation of our core business has been building our capital position of strength and adding to our deployment flexibility. Our capital deployment priorities remain intact, investing in our business organically and inorganically, and then returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchase. When we look at our overall balance sheet strength, we also continually examine our capital structure.
As a result, we have decided to dissolve our precapitalized trust facility, following the end of the third quarter. This was a tranche of contingent capital we no longer deem necessary given our multiple sources of capital. We've decided to use the proceeds for a onetime additional share repurchase in the fourth quarter. And when combined with our normal pace of purchases, we'll bring the total amount of share repurchase to approximately $1 billion for 2024, up from $250 million in 2023, and above our $500 million outlook coming into the year.
When factoring in this expanded repurchase, we will have reduced our float by over 10% since restarting our share repurchase program in the fourth quarter of 2021. Overall, we are pleased by the many positive trends across our operations and the supportive macro environment. Third quarter marked another period of strength for the company and served as an important milestone for the year. We remain forward looking, ensuring we are well positioned to execute on our strategy to deliver on our outlook of 10% to 15% EPS growth, which sets up continued progress into 2025.
Once again, we appreciate you joining us this morning and let me turn it over to Steve for more details and perspectives. Steve?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Great. Thank you, Rick, and good morning, everyone. The third quarter was a very good quarter for the company as we saw the continuation of our strong first half operating performance with margins and persistency remaining at historically strong levels and above our expectations, helping support year-over-year premium and earnings growth across core operations. Last quarter, we increased our outlook based on improved mortality trends, and we saw these trends continue in the third quarter with group life and AD&D segment adjusted operating earnings increasing 80% over last year driven by continued lower incidence.
Disability results in the third quarter were highlighted by strong underwriting performance with benefit ratios of 59.1% for Unum U.S. group disability, 42.8% for Unum U.S. individual disability and 69.5% for Unum U.K., all favorable to our expectations. Sales in Unum U.S.
were down in the quarter. This was most pronounced in group disability. As Rick mentioned, the fourth quarter is historically the largest sales quarter for this segment with over 40% of annual sales. Based on our results to date and a strong pipeline of new sales, we believe we will achieve our full year sales growth target of 5% to 10 % for Unum U.S.
Across our other segments, Unum International is also on track to meet its sales target, while Colonial Life is tracking in line with last year's sales levels. Given the mix of sales and levels of persistency, we remain confident in the long term outlook for future premium growth. As I review our results by segment, I will describe our adjusted operating income results and benefit ratios excluding the impacts from the annual GAAP reserve assumption updates in the third quarter of both 2024 and 2023. The 2024 assumption update process resulted in a $357.4 million pre-tax reserve release driven by a number of different product lines including long term care.
I will provide additional details of the 2024 update following the discussion of our segment results. So starting with Unum U.S., adjusted operating income increased to $363.3 million or 1.5% in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $357.8 million in the third quarter of 2023. Results finished above prior year primarily due to favorable benefits experienced in group life. The group disability line reported adjusted operating income of $156.7 million compared to $170.1 million in the third quarter of 2023, driven primarily by a benefit ratio of 59.1% compared to 57.5% in the year-ago period.
While the benefit ratio increased year over year, results were favorable to our outlook, reflecting continued favorable claim recoveries. As I mentioned, results for Unum U.S. group life and AD&D improved significantly compared to the third quarter of last year with adjusted operating income of $94 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $52 million in the same period a year ago. The benefit ratio decreased to 65% compared to 73.3% in the third quarter of 2023 due to lower incidents.
We still plan for the benefit ratio to be below historical norms and around 70% as we close out the year. Adjusted operating income for the Unum U.S. supplemental and voluntary lines in the third quarter was $112.6 million compared to $135.7 million in the third quarter of 2023. This decrease was driven predominantly by benefits experience.
The voluntary benefits loss ratio was 45.8% compared to 39.1% in the third quarter of 2023 and our expected range of 40% to 43%. The dental and vision benefit ratio of 74.6% was also slightly above our expectation of 70% to 73%. Unum U.S. results included steady year-over-year premium growth of 4%.
Persistency for total group business of 92.5% remains strong and stable in the third quarter with stable results in most of our supplemental and voluntary lines. Moving to Unum International, the segment continued to show very strong trends in its underlying earnings power with adjusted operating income for the third quarter increasing to $40.3 million from $36.8 million in the third quarter of 2023. Adjusted operating income for the Unum U.K. business improved in the third quarter to 29.5 million pounds compared to 28.4 million pounds in the third quarter of 2023.
The benefit ratio for Unum U.K. increased to 69.5% in the third quarter compared to 67.4% in the same period a year ago. And as expected, the inherent benefit of high levels of inflation have dissipated and did not enhance third quarter 2024 results. In fact, U.K.
earnings grew approximately 20% when excluding the inflationary benefit experienced in the third quarter of last year. International premiums and sales continued to show strong growth. Unum U.K. generated premium growth of 11.7% on a year-over-year basis in the third quarter, while our Poland operation grew 22.1%.
Sales in the U.K. grew 26.9% compared to the third quarter of 2023, while Poland sales were up 8.6%. So then moving to Colonial Life, adjusted operating income for the segment was $113.4 million in the third quarter compared to $102.9 million in the third quarter of 2023. The increase was driven primarily by a benefit ratio of 47.6%, which was down from 49.1 % in the year ago period.
Colonial Life premium income of $441.9 finished 2.5% higher than the premium year driven by prior period sales and strong persistency. Top line growth continues to build and with year to date premium growth of 3.4%, we're positioned to meet our growth outlook for the segment of 2.4% for the full year. Sales in the third quarter of $120.9 million decreased slightly from $121.3 million in the prior year. As I mentioned previously, Colonial Life sales for full year 2024 are now expected to be in line with the 2023 sales of approximately $540 million.
In the closed block segment, adjusted operating income remained consistent at $34.2 million in the third quarter of 2024. Higher net investment income was offset by lower premium income for long term care. LTC elevated incidence experience continued to dissipate as claim inventories normalized, albeit at a slower rate. The net premium ratio as of the third quarter of 2024 was 94.5% compared to 93.7% in the prior quarter.
The increase was primarily due to the impact of the annual assumption update, which I'll discuss later in my talking points. So wrapping up my commentary on the quarter's financial results, the adjusted operating loss in the corporate segment was $49.4 million compared to $41.5 million loss in the third quarter of 2023, primarily driven by lower allocated net investment income. Then lastly, the tax rate in the quarter was 20.7% compared to our expectation of 21.5% to 22%. The favorability was driven mainly by onetime prior year tax return adjustments.
So moving on from the quarter's operating results, I'll now discuss the outcomes of our annual GAAP assumption review that we completed in the third quarter. The review resulted in a positive impact on financial results with a net decrease in reserves of $357.4 or approximately $282.6 million after tax. While this impact was excluded from adjusted operating earnings, it added $1.53 to our book value per share, excluding the AOCI, which now stands at $74.15. Most product lines saw favorable changes highlighted by adjustments in our group disability, individual disability, and the Colonial Life businesses.
In addition, long-term care had a reserve decrease, which I will discuss in more detail momentarily. Getting into the specifics of the various reserve releases, similar to the past few years, and as is representative of our continued strong operating results, group disability's update was driven by continued improvement in our claim recovery assumption and totaled $90 million pre-tax for IDI, incidents and claim termination trends drove a $52.8 million pre-tax reserve decrease. And lastly, Colonial Life's $46 million release was driven by favorable claims trends that we expect to continue. Then for LTC, the assumption updates resulted in a decrease in reserves of $174.1 million before tax, reflecting incorporation of favorable premium rate increase experience, partially offset by lower expected premium persistency on group cases.
Premium rate approvals have outpaced our assumptions over the past year, and we are currently 25% through our program, following the assumption updates. LDTI cohorting dynamics are such that this quarter's reserve assumption update drives a decrease in reserves, partially offset by an increase in the net premium ratio. Similar to last year, changes in interest margins since adopting LDTI are not reflected nor do they offset changes in liability assumptions for financial reporting purposes. In short, consideration of today's long term rates would indicate additional margins as we previously described.
While interest margin is no longer reflected in our GAAP reserve analysis, we will still see the benefit of higher earned portfolio yields compared to the locked-in discount rates as interest margins in earnings over the life of the block. We consider this dynamic when evaluating our best estimate reserves. Following the GAAP assumption updates, the buffer between our statutory reserves plus excess capital at fair wind and our best estimate remains at a consistent level at approximately $2.8 billion, providing meaningful levels of protection against adverse events and supporting our position that no additional capital contributions will be necessary for LTC. So moving now to investments, we continue to see an environment where new money yields are at levels above our earned portfolio yield of 4.41%.
Miscellaneous investment income was relatively flat in the third quarter at $23.6 million compared to $24 million a year ago. Income from our alternative investment assets was $19.6 million. Year to date, the alternative investment portfolio has generated $72.6 million or approximately 5.4% in annualized returns. So then I'll wrap up my commentary by turning back to our capital.
The weighted average risk based capital ratio for traditional U.S. insurance companies is approximately 470% and holding company liquidity is robust at 1.4 billion. Capital metrics again benefited in the third quarter from strong statutory results with statutory after tax operating income of $315.6 million. This now brings year to date statutory after tax operating income to over $1 billion.
Our strong cash generation model drives our ability to return capital to shareholders, and in the third quarter we paid $77.9 million in common stock dividends and repurchased 3.7 million shares at a total cost of $202 million. For the three quarters of 2024, we have repurchased 9.7 million shares at a total cost of just over $500 million. As Rick described earlier, we decided to dissolve our precapitalized trust facility established during the pandemic, drawing the facility which settled this week slightly raised our leverage ratio and brought approximately $270 million of invested assets under our balance sheet. We plan to use these proceeds for incremental share repurchases in the fourth quarter.
When considering this onetime special capital deployment, we expect share repurchases to total approximately $500 million in the fourth quarter or around $1 billion for 2024. So then reflecting on our results, the first nine months of the year have been incredibly strong across many different aspects of our business, demonstrating our ability to execute against our strategy. Our top line continues its upward trajectory as historically high levels of persistency and our outlook for fourth quarter sales bolsters our ability to reach our premium growth target of 5% to 7% for the year. Earnings are robust as our core businesses continue to exhibit exceptional margins highlighted by the sustainability of disability and life results.
Because of this, we are on track to achieve our outlook of 10% to 15% growth for EPS that we raised last quarter. In addition, year to date statutory earnings are already over $1 billion nine months into the year, putting us well on pace to generate $1.4 to $1.6 billion of holding company cash generation, which we laid out at our outlook meeting. This performance fundamentally contributes to our robust capital outcomes featuring an RBC ratio that surpasses our long-term target by 120 points. It also enhances our capacity for capital deployment, including our anticipation to repurchase around $1 billion worth of stock this year, which significantly exceeds our original goal of $500 million.
And then lastly, our balance sheet is strong reflecting the results of our latest assumption update, including positive developments in LTC and our continued expectation that no further capital contributions are needed for that block. Now I'll turn the call back to Rick for his closing comments and I look forward to your questions.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thank you, Steve. You can take from our comments that the third quarter was positive across multiple dimensions on how we're running a balanced, disciplined, customer-focused company. Our teams have done an excellent job through the first nine months of the year, which sets up for an all important fourth quarter.
And as we look into 2025, the team is here to respond to your questions. So I'll ask the operator to begin the Q&A session.
Questions & Answers:
Operator
We will now begin the question and answer session. [Operator instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Alex Scott with Barclays. Alex, your line is now open.
Alex Scott -- Barclays -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. First question I had for you is just on the actuarial review. And could you help us think about just the way these premium increases relative to your assumption may find their way into statutory results in the fourth quarter?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Alex. It's Steve. Yeah. And just let me kind of recap the actuarial review specific to LTC.
Just so you know, there's some dynamics around LDTI, and then I'll get into some of the statutory dynamics. So, basically, we had two changes that we made to our assumptions, and they were treated very differently for GAAP. The first one was around our expectation for rate increases on that book, and those increases, we kind of looked at the program that we had in place and that we reset last fall. We didn't really increase the program itself.
But based on the success we've had and just the discussions we've had with regulators since then, our expectation of what the ultimate approvals on those submissions are going to be have increased. And that's roughly $175 million of value -- of kind of present value of those premiums. Those were pretty much all reflected in earnings in the period, and that's just because of the cohorts that those impacted. Then we also made some adjustments to just the persistency of our group LTC business.
Those are mostly in cohorts that are uncapped. And they have quite a bit of margin, so you would see those flow through the MPR. And, basically, we had a slight reduction in margin, which increased the MPR for the period. So just to kind of size those up and to also get the geography of how those flow through.
So we feel good about both those and how they're reflected. From a statutory basis, we did already consider in many of our statutory analysis the impact of the rate increases that we had, and based on kind of where those hit, whether it's the PDR or where we are with some of our other asset adequacy reserves. it may create a little bit more margin. But I would say it doesn't massively change our view on the buffers that we have between our kind of best estimate reserves for LTC and the statutory reserves we have plus the excess margin.
And I mentioned that in my comments, so I wouldn't view it as a major change to how we think about statutory reserve margins.
Alex Scott -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. That's helpful. And maybe for a second one. On cash flow and holding company liquidity, seems like stat earnings have been pretty strong this year.
I think you guys take a bigger dividend in 4Q. Is that already a substantial buffer built up at -- in the holding company in terms of the liquidity you have there? So I'd just be interested in any help you could provide and how we should think about the amount of cash that will come up toward the end of the year. And just the capital deployment priorities and appreciating that you guys have already stepped up the buyback a bit, but just want to think more broadly about deployment.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Let's talk about the deployment, Alex, and I'll flip it over to Steve to talk about this specific dynamics we'll see in the fourth quarter, which we see most fourth quarters and we'll get to that. But from a deployment perspective, you are right. We've seen very strong cash flow that's been generated by the company that's accruing.
It's allowed us to do over the last couple of years, as I mentioned, to bolster the balance sheet, but now it's also accruing into just our operating metrics. You know that strong statutory generation and what we see gives us a lot of flexibility. So first and foremost, putting it into the core growth, investing in what we're doing. We really like the businesses that we're in, and so we'll do that on an organic basis.
And if we see the ability to buy something to accelerate that pace to bring capabilities, that's something we'd like to put capital toward as well. And after we've done that and focused on the growth, then we look to also returning capital to shareholders on the dividend front, increasing that earlier this year. We increased our dividend by 15%. And then share repurchases, something that we're always focused on, and we've seen that increase over the course of the year in terms of both the pace and relative to last year.
And so we've talked about that multiple times about the pace at which we will increase share repurchase, reflecting our very strong share repurch -- or our very strong capital position. And so when you think about what happened in the third quarter, and really what we're projecting going into the fourth quarter, is a pretty steady pace of deployment, higher than we had in the first half of the year, certainly more than last year. But a steady pace of that deployment, and we'll be consistent on that. We did have a onetime event that we see around dissolution of our pre-K -- PCAPs or precapitalized trust securities.
That's going to enhance that a little bit, but think about this as a steady pace of redeployment through share repurchase. So that's kind of the picture in terms of how we see deployment. Steve, maybe you could talk a little bit about how those metrics will move in the fourth quarter.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. And I think probably the way to think about it, Alex, is at year end, we're still on track for a lot of the targets that we set at Investor Day. And that would indicate that by year end, our holding company cash will increase. We pull quite a bit of our operating dividends out of the operating companies in the fourth quarter.
So RBC will probably go down quite a bit. We'll bolster holding company cash, but I would say those are pretty good indicators, some of the targets that we set for year end 2024 back at Investor Day.
Alex Scott -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Thanks, Alex.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Wes Carmichael with Autonomous Research. Wes, your line is now open.
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning. Thanks. On group disability, you talked about expecting favorable recoveries to continue.
Do you think that's continuing looking forward over a few quarters? Could that be an even longer-term tailwind? And I'm just trying to understand if that could turn at some point, if the pool of people more likely to see a recovery is getting smaller.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. It's Steve. I'll take that one. The comment was really meant to say the current level of operating performance within group disability and our ability to get people back to work we think sustainable.
And so this quarter our benefit ratio was just south of 60%. We think 60% is achievable going forward based on the level of recoveries we've seen and don't really see a reversion of that as we talked about in the past. The question just becomes around pricing and the pricing dynamics in the market and how that might adjust benefit ratios going forward. But right now, we think 60% is still a good expectation as we go into the remainder of the year.
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Yeah. That's helpful. And on LTC, I don't think you unlocked your assumption around incidents in period, and I imagine that was at least partially informed by experience this quarter. But could you just help us with what you're seeing in recent trends? It sounds like it's slowed down in terms of the pace.
And if that differs between any large cohorts.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. No. That's good, and I kind of -- by omission, I validated that we really didn't adjust any other assumptions. So we clearly looked at mortality experience, lapse experience, generally, incidents experience.
Felt comfortable with what we've seen over the last year that we would not adjust our longer term assumptions in any way material. So we did look at incidents over the last year. You're right. It was really elevated going back close to two years now.
We have continued to see that dissipate, and we saw that trend continue in the third quarter of this year, whereby our inventories continue to diverge closer to what our long-term expectation is. I'd say it slowed down a little bit. But we just saw kind of the economic types of incidents performance continue to slow down. Obviously, it comes to the cohorts a little bit differently quarter to quarter, and so that you know has a little bit of impact.
But feel good about the trends and and you know those trends continue. And so based on that we felt good with our longer term assumption around claims incidence.
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Thanks.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Tom Gallagher with Evercore ISI. Tom, your line is now open.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Good morning. Steve, you were referencing depending on pricing, I think, when you're thinking about the emergence and where margins are going to go in your group business. Can you talk about what you're seeing for renewals? Is there pressure on rate, what the competitive landscape looks like? Clearly, your disability and group life results have been really good, particularly in the last few quarters.
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yep. What's up. It's Chris. Thanks for the question.
And, obviously, persistency has been good. We're thrilled that that customers are engaged with our capabilities like what we're doing from an execution standpoint. It is competitive out there as we've talked about in the past, and we expect to have that nice combination of fair pricing renewing business case by case. We're still active with our discipline around rate increases when appropriate and rate reduction if appropriate.
But our customers like long-term stability, so the more we can do to kind of triangulate around, here are the capabilities that you have. Here's good pricing for the long term. We do feel like we can get a fair return and continue that way. So that's -- that is a bit of a new business and a renewal pricing commentary and our team is hard at the task of making sure that combination comes together.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Gotcha. Thanks. And then -- and I hear what you guys are saying about the PCAPs dissolution and how that's going to drive a 4Q higher buyback, but I guess up until now, you've been very measured in terms of what you've been willing to do for buybacks. This marks a change.
Can you provide a little bit of color for what's driving this decision? Are you more confident in just -- after a balance sheet review, you've done a more thorough look at long-term care and, I don't know, maybe you get added confidence. Or is it potentially because you think risk transfer is further away now, and so you're not going to need access to additional sources of capital? Maybe just a little bit of color for what's going on behind the scenes and the thought process here? Thanks.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Tom. Maybe I'll start and ask Steve to kick in as well. I think what you see is two things going on. One is just a lot of confidence in what we've built up over time, the cash flow generation that we've seen.
And so we've looked at share repurchase, and I think we've been very consistent to say we're going to do this at pace. And so we've seen that pace increase. And so as you saw in the third quarter, we did $200 million in the third quarter, and you can expect a similar amount of underlying share repurchase in the fourth quarter. And then looking at the PCAPs, really the different evaluation.
And the team has done a really good job of continuing to optimize the balance sheet. I can look to what we've done with the dissolution most recently, the PCAPs, but I'd go back over the last several years, the work they've done to actually lengthen out the overall debt structure and things like that. So a lot of very positive things that we've done. Don't read too much into it in terms of what we've -- what we will or won't do elsewhere.
I think this is very much the course that we've been on. We're just dialing it up a little bit from a share repurchase perspective, just given the strength that we've seen in the ongoing outlook that we have in the strength of the business.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Tom. The only other thing I'd say is just a little bit of history on that PCAP I think is helpful. We issued that back in 2021, and, clearly, we were in a much different environment from an uncertainty with the pandemic. We also -- we're looking at things like strengthening the LTC balance sheet and kind of working through the PDR.
And so we just thought at the time it was smart to get some contingent capital, and we were able to issue that in a pretty benign environment at that point in time. And so I would say nothing acute has happened. It's just kind of the progression of our thinking about capital strength and what's the most efficient capital structure for the company. And we just made the decision that this probably wasn't the most efficient use of capital, and that we thought the most efficient use would be to go ahead and bring those on balance sheet, generate the cash, and go ahead and buy back shares, and really kind of shift our capital structure from equity to to debt which you know cost of capital there is going to be lower.
So we decided it was a smart move.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Gotcha. Thanks for the color guys.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yep. Thanks, Tom.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Ryan Krueger with KBW. Ryan, your line is now open.
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Hey. Thanks. Good morning. Can you talk a little bit about what's causing some of the sales growth challenges at Colonial and the potential to improve the growth going into 2025?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Timothy Gerald Arnold -- Executive Vice President, Voluntary Benefits and President, Colonial Life
Yeah, Ryan. Thanks. This is Tim. So when you look at the details in the sales growth for Colonial Life, in the third quarter and really for the year, the headwinds have been in our existing sales, sales from existing clients down 3%.
As a reminder, those sales represent about two-thirds of our annual sales. So those challenges have persisted all year. I believe largely it's an execution issue. We recently named a new senior vice president of sales after a five month national search.
We identified an internal candidate who is outstanding at executing our strategic priorities and has led the -- one of our regions to really strong growth. And so we're excited about the impact that she and her team will have on that going forward. We're -- we remain encouraged by the value prop overall. New sales in the quarter were up 6.7%.
We had extremely strong growth in the large case commercial market and with our group product portfolio. So it's really about getting the sales from our existing clients moving in the right direction again. And we're confident that Ashley and the new sales -- SVP and the team will make that happen in '25.
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Thanks. And then you've had somewhat elevated benefit ratios in voluntary last -- I think two of the last three quarters. Can you talk about what you're seeing there and what do you view as a good run rate of earnings for the supplemental and voluntary business at this point?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. This is Steve. Yeah. When you look at our supplemental and voluntary benefits, there's actually three businesses kind of embedded in there: We've got our individual disability income business, our voluntary benefits business, and our dental business.
And even embedded within voluntary benefits, there's quite a few product lines in there. And what we tend to see over time is period-to-period volatility in all of those lines. We kind of went back and looked last five, six quarters and specifically in voluntary benefits. And in our dental business, they tend to bounce around a little bit, and it just so happens that this quarter, both of those were kind of at the lower end of the range of the results that we've seen.
I wouldn't read too much into it, and I think you know kind of the run rates that we've had historically are probably a pretty good indicator of the business. So maybe think 120 million range per quarter is probably a pretty good number with, like I said, kind of period-to-period volatility.
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Ryan.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Joel Hurwitz with Dowling and Partners. Joel, your line is now open.
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning. Wanted to start on Unum U.S. sales.
So it sounds like you're confident in achieving the full year 5% to 10% sales growth. Can you just provide more color on what you're seeing for Q4? Because I think I think that would imply that you need something like mid-teens growth just to achieve the low end of your target?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yeah, Joel. Thanks for the question. This is Chris. Yes.
So, again, we're coming off this small and volatile quarter. We also have been, of course, watching the pipeline through the course of the year. And when you look at both, a nice uptick particularly in the upper end of the market in terms of number of our RFPs, but also quality of RFPs. We're really encouraged.
So throughout the course of the year, we've been working on more and more cases that match up with the capabilities we're building around lead management and capabilities around HCM connectivity and other platforms that are important to our customers and our brokers. This gives us a better chance for high close ratio, and we're seeing that play through. We have a lot of work to do. The fourth quarter is the biggest of the year, and, obviously, you know more -- a lot more about the large end of the business than you do the small.
So the teams are still hard at work, but we're confident that the way we are executing and putting together our capabilities and prospects is resonating very well in the market. And we plan on finishing strong in that range we talked about.
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Okay. Great. And then, Chris, maybe just on persistency. It's also been very strong in the U.S.
with renewals. Are you seeing or expecting similar persistency to what you've seen over the past several quarters?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yeah. Obviously, we're thrilled the persistency has been good, and we do appreciate the fact that in a lot of cases the loyal customers remain with us for a long time. I do think that we saw a little bit of an increase in activity in '24. There might have been some pent-up demand uh in terms of fewer marketings in '23 or kind of that post-pandemic time.
So there are some companies out there that are in the market testing capabilities, testing price that's going to be good. I think from a sales perspective, it does put some pressure on our block. We're going to work it through and again feel good that that the overall story is hanging together a little bit of a different year in '24 though than '23 and '22.
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Suneet Kamath with Jefferies. Suneet, your line is now open.
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
Great. Thanks. Good morning. My understanding is that there is an industry study on long-term care that has either come out in the fourth quarter or is coming out in the fourth quarter.
Just curious if you've seen that and if there are any takeaways from that, and if it does come out, how would that at all impact your fourth quarter assumption review? Thanks.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. To my knowledge there hasn't been anything that has come out. We did not use any additional industry data when we were going through our third quarter assumption review. I would say going into our fourth quarter statutory review, we'll be using the same data set that we used for our GAAP assumption review.
If something does come out in the fourth quarter in the next year, we'd want to process that a little bit and just make sure that we understand any implications that it may have on our book of business. But we feel really good about utilizing our experience that we've added more data to our data set over the last year, and that that just really can confirm the vast majority of the assumptions we had. So I don't see that driving any sort of change in our view of fourth quarter if and when it comes out.
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
Got it. Okay, thanks. And then I guess sticking with LTC, you mentioned you're still at it in terms of risk transfer. Just curious if the -- if there's any change in sort of the conversations that you're having? And then maybe any commentary that you could give on just sort of how deep is the market in terms of counterparties that are in interested in these types of blocks of business? Thanks.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
True, Suneet. Risk transfer, as we were very clear on, we were still very much interested in, makes sense for us to continue to pursue it. In terms of the change, we really haven't seen a dramatic change. We've talked to multiple counterparties looking at at multiple ways.
They think about the business and how there may be a deal to be done between the two counterparties. That continues to be a very active dialog. I think you also have interested parties out there clearly interested in the assets associated with long term care and what they see over the horizon. So we're going to stay at it.
I think we've been very consistent in terms of how we've approached the market and what we continue to see out there and the ability to do something. But as we've also said, these are difficult deals to do, and so making sure we can have buyers meet sellers and do so in a way that the price and structure makes sense to us is something we're still very active on.
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks Rick.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of John Barnidge with Piper Sandler. John, your line is now open.
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Good morning. Thanks for the opportunity. If you were not to pursue a risk transfer, can you maybe talk about how long it would take for the policy to run off? Thank you.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So we are [Audio gap] be very clear, we are pursuing risk transfer, but, Steve, maybe you can just talk about the dynamics of the --
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
-- long duration.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. We -- I don't know that we've publicly disclosed the duration of our LTC book. It -- suffice to say that this is a multi-decade type of runoff for a book of business like this around LTC. So I think probably the salient point here is that when we're looking at a risk transfer deal, we feel good about running this book ourselves.
We feel good about managing this book ourselves, but as Rick said, it's just not strategically aligned with everything else we do. And so all things being equal for the right price, we would like to transfer risk. We know that it impacts our valuation. And so we want to be smart about it, but we also feel very good about our projections and understanding our book and being able to manage it.
So if and when we were able to look at price discovery and just think that through, we would definitely still contemplate doing something, but it'd have to be at a price that made sense.
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Very helpful. Thank you. And my follow-up question, HR Connect and leave management systems seem to be winning business, and others are following suit and building their own platforms. Can you maybe talk how you view this tech connectivity winning in the large case market and how you're positioning for the fourth quarter as well? Thank you.
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yeah. Thanks, John. Chris again.Yeah. You've got it.
There's a lot of focus on big decisions that our larger company prospects and customers make around human capital management platform that they choose. And when they make that decision, it's one where that ecosystem becomes the real cornerstone of how they want to run their company from a people perspective. We -- our intentional investments, which are multi-year -- and I think that's important. We've been at this for quite some time.
Our investments feed into that ecosystem in a very robust way. You attach not only kind of the administrative elements of benefits, but also the leave element. Our total leave um initiative has been designed to build into our HR Connect and connect very well there. So it's a robust one, two punch that really solves a big problem for employers and plays into the, as I said, the ecosystem that they want.
So the runway on that is long and we can continue to add services and capabilities that enhance that offering. At the core, though, it's still a bundled insurance approach where we've got wonderful financial protection products that fit really well, and we've got designs on what we can add. We want to continue to execute, and it's been a winning proposition in a bigger and bigger part of our sales each quarter.
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Mark Hughes with Truist Securities. Mark, your line is now open.
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Yeah. Thanks. Good morning. How about natural growth? Has that influenced the overall U.S.
growth, and did you see any change in trajectory through the quarter or any kind of deceleration perhaps, or was it reasonably steady in 3Q?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. This is Steve. Yeah, I would say it was reasonably steady in the third quarter. It was just over 3%.
If you go back, there were periods of time during the pandemic or postpandemic when that growth had gotten up to 5%, maybe a little bit more. So it was creating quite a bit of tailwind. A lot of that was during periods of wage inflation, but, also, we were seeing very strong employment. I would say it's kind of normalized more our expectation going forward and kind of historically that might have been between 2% and 3% that would impact our growth every year.
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Yeah. Then the international growth, anything kind of structural or your competitive positioning within those markets that should allow you to keep up the rate of growth or has this has been a good period, and we'll see how next year goes?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Mark, appreciate the question. I'm gonna turn it over to Mark Till.
Mark Till -- Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum International
Thank you. Hi. There's nothing fundamentally different about the market in which we're operating in at the moment. From a competitive position, it's fairly similar.
We've been investing very hard in the quality of the proposition, strength of the relationships that we've had with the brokers, and that's been reflected in the new business that we've been writing. So at the moment, I feel confident that it is the choices we've been making and the market is still remaining attractive.
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Thank you.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mark.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Jimmy Bhullar with JPMorgan. Jimmy, your line is now open.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. So most of my questions were answered, but just on the disability business, obviously, your margins have been pretty strong the last couple of years. Your competitors have been as well, and it seems like you're expecting results to remain better than average in the near term, but what gives you the confidence that, eventually, maybe a year or two years out, we won't revert to where margins used to be prepandemic? What are the dynamics in the market that might be different now versus before?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Jimmy. This is Steve. I would say it kind of comes back to fundamentally -- there's two variables when we think about group disability benefit ratios. One is just the performance of claims experience itself, and I would say we have a lot of confidence that the levels of recovery getting people back to work in a productive way, that those are sustainable.
We know why that's happened. We know what we've done within our business operations to drive those results. So I think we have a lot of confidence that those are sustainable. And then the question becomes what the market will do from a pricing perspective.
And, Chris, I know we've kind of covered this, but just to kind of reiterate.
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Happy to add. Jimmy, again, it gets back to that when you're having a broader relationship with our customers, and we're solving challenges around the lead management. And we fit the ecosystem from HR Connect and other platform connectivity that's important to them. That conversation around price is still very important, but it's a much more long-term stability type of a theme as opposed to, hey, this is a commodity you can market, and you can drive price to the lowest experience level.
So -- and when we're recovering price in more challenging times, you move up slowly and I think when you're in good times, you kind of balance more toward the current and you move down more slowly. So we do see a good long term value prop balanced approach that will work for the time for the future.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Okay. And then maybe on long-term care, you obviously had the charge last year, and since then it seems like you've been getting price increases, so that's a positive. But the net premium ratio has gotten worse. So what are -- what is it that someone can monitor from the outside to sort of assess whether or not you're nearing a potential need to raise reserves in the business again?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I would say that the thing to think about there -- and the MPR did go up, and I didn't kind of get into the details of that, but it did go up this period by 80 basis points. About 50 basis points of that was the adjustment that we made to our group persistency. And just to kind of put that into context, that represents about 25 million of GPV.
So pretty small changes in how we think about reserve adequacy can drive some pretty big moves in that MPR. So you definitely have seen the impacts of the higher claims incidents over the last year or so in increasing the GPV. So -- or increase in the MPR. So I think that's still kind of a good good thing to monitor just the movements of that.
I'd also say that the MPR has gone down in periods, and it really just depends on what the experience is, which cohorts it hits, and how that flows through either the financials or the MPR. I'd also say, just generally speaking, the closed block business is well within the range of absolute earnings expectations that we set forth at the beginning of the year. So -- but, by and large, I think it comes back to those things. Are we executing on the rate increase? What's the MPR doing? And what our absolute earnings for the line of business during the period.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Elyse, your line is now open.
Nick Abbott -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning. Thanks. It's Nick on for Elyse.
Thanks for squeezing me in here. Most of mine have been answered as well, but just wanted to touch on group life and just see what's driving the confidence there that we should keep seeing robust results? And should the expectation from us be that we should see this come into '25, or is this just a purely '24 dynamic?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. It's Steve. I'll cover that. And the group life block, it's a tough one to predict just because of the nature of the product, and we actually have a relatively small block.
So you can see some volunteer -- volatility there period over period. What we've seen over the last several quarters is just really good incidents on that block, and that can be volatile over time. What we're seeing, we still feel like the 70% benefit ratio is a decent kind of planning metric as we look into the fourth quarter. We'll look at how the fourth quarter is playing through as we get into kind of guidance that we give for Investor Day into 2025.
So I don't want to get ahead of that and really give any guidance there. But we think, at least in the short term, that 70% is probably a good estimate to use. But, again, it can bounce around a little bit. So sometimes it's harder to predict.
Nick Abbott -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Got it. Okay. Thanks.
Operator
That concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the conference back over to Rick McKenney for closing remarks. Rick?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thank you. I want to appreciate -- much appreciation for everyone joining us this morning and for your continued interest in Unum. Third quarter results, very good.
We are very focused on the fourth quarter as we wrap up the year and looking into 2025. We will be around looking forward to connecting with a number of you over the course of the fourth quarter. And once again, this will conclude our third quarter 2024 call. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
J. Matthew Royal -- Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Rick McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Alex Scott -- Barclays -- Analyst
Steve Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Timothy Gerald Arnold -- Executive Vice President, Voluntary Benefits and President, Colonial Life
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Mark Till -- Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum International
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Nick Abbott -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
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