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Unum Group(NYSE: UNM)
Q2 2024 Earnings Call
Jul 31, 2024, 8:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Thank you for standing by. My name is Mandeep, and I'll be your operator today. At this time, I'd like to welcome everyone to the Unum Group second-quarter 2024 earnings conference call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise.
After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] Thank you. I would now like to turn the call over to Matt Royal, senior vice president, investor relations. You may begin.
J. Matthew Royal -- Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Great. Thank you, Mandeep, and good morning to everybody. Welcome to Unum Group's second-quarter 2024 earnings call. Please note that today's call may include forward-looking statements, and actual results, which are subject to risks and uncertainties, may differ materially.
And we are not obligated to update any of these statements. Please refer to our earnings release and periodic filings with the SEC for a description of factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected results. Yesterday afternoon, Unum released our second-quarter earnings press release and financial supplement. Those materials may be found on the Investors section of our website, along with a presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP measures and reconciliations of any non-GAAP financial measures included in today's presentation.
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References made today to core operation sales and premiums, which includes Unum International, are presented on a constant-currency basis. Participating in this morning's conference call are Unum's president and CEO, Rick McKenney; Chief Financial Officer Steve Zabel; Tim Arnold, who heads our colonial life and voluntary benefits lines; Chris Pyne for group benefits; and Mark Till, CEO of Unum International. Now, let me turn it to Rick for his comments.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Matt. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We're excited to discuss our second-quarter results, the robust performance in the first half of the year, and trends we see carrying us into the back half of 2024 and into 2025. Our purpose-driven team has done an excellent job navigating the change in the environment and our market over the last several years, and we are most appreciative of their efforts.
This quarter, we saw the continuation of some favorable trends and notable improvements in multiple areas of performance, leading us to increase our earnings per share outlook for 2024. Our results thus far in 2024 evidence the way we approach the employee benefits markets, and growth orientation is really paying off. We are actively engaging with new and existing customers and growing our top line while maintaining healthy industry-leading margins. As we move forward, we are poised to continue on a growth trajectory in the second half of the year.
Our strategic initiatives and diligent execution have set a strong foundation, and we are confident in our ability to sustain this momentum. We're excited to see our outlook for opportunities for the next year, building and reflecting the prospects for continued success. As we stand here today, our team is supported by distinctive technologies and remains fully committed to delivering for our clients each and every day. Focusing on our second quarter, it reflects sustained broad-based performance.
We saw statutory earnings surpassing 350 million and earnings per share reaching $2.16 per share, marking yet another record level of earnings for the company. Our top line was healthy with a 5.4% increase in core operations premium growth, and capital metrics significantly exceeded our targets. Given our robust results and positive outlook, we're adjusting our full-year earnings-per-share growth outlook from the previous 7% to 9% to double-digit growth of 10% to 15%. Our exclusive focus on the group benefits market continues to offer a promising landscape for client growth and expansion.
This is further bolstered by the inherent tailwinds in our business, stemming from what we consider natural growth factors such as an increasing covered employee base and wage levels. Consequently, we are well positioned to enhance our top-line growth through various cycles, a trend we have consistently observed over this past decade. The second quarter was consistent with this view and the outlook for the economy with job growth continuing and wage increases more than the norm. We see this reflected in our existing client base where we witnessed sustained natural growth that contributed to our trajectory.
In addition to the labor market, we continue to be happy with where rates are for the 10- and 30-year treasury at levels similar to those during our prior call. Current rate levels are beneficial as we continue to invest new money above our portfolio yield. While we were able to adjust our core businesses based on longer-term movements in rates, we continue to take steps to derisk our exposure within the closed block, which we've now done for the last 10 consecutive quarters through both our hedging program and asset repositioning. Altogether, the macro backdrop aids us in steadily and consistently building on our solid foundation and delivering profitable growth and strong returns across all of our businesses.
Looking across the franchise, results in Unum U.S. were highlighted by a 5.5% top-line premium growth and strong persistency levels. The opportunistic nature of large case sales drove the lighter headline result for our group products. However, we were pleased with the underlying results, including nearly 12% sales growth in our less than 2,000 employee group segment, and remain confident in achieving our full year growth expectations from a margin perspective.
Group disability experienced another strong quarter where recoveries drove low historical benefit levels, and we expect similar experience trends to persist. The group life and AD&D segment had another standout quarter, with both strong top-line premium as well as favorable benefits experienced in the quarter. In our colonial life franchise, margins continued to be excellent with an ROE of 20%. Premiums grew nearly 4% through the first six months of the year with strong persistency and sales, which rebounded nicely compared to the first quarter.
Rounding out our core segments, our international business had another quarter operating at full strength with robust premium growth of nearly 9% and U.K. underlying earnings in excess of 30 million pounds. We continue to see excellent growth momentum in our growing Poland business and, in the U.K., continue to redefine the broker experience seeing a market-leading -- setting a market-leading standard that is distinctively Unum and enhancing our relationship management model. From an overall return perspective, our commitment to innovation, prudent capital management, and shareholder returns remains unwavering.
As anticipated, our Long-Term Care's capital buffer is in a healthy position. So, substantial free cash flow generation of our core businesses flows straight to a capital position of strength and deployment flexibility. Statutory earnings through the first half of the year totaled over $700 million, putting us on pace to reach the top end of our outlook range for the year for capital generation. This adds to a balance sheet that is strong with ample levels of cash and RBC at 470%.
Considering these factors, we're pleased with our new board authorization of $1 billion for share repurchase as it illustrates the level of confidence we have in the sustainability of our business results. Our capital priorities remain intact, that is investing in our businesses organically and inorganically and then returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. As such, we will be prudent with the pace at which we exhaust the authorization but plan to increase our pace in the back half of the year. This is significant as, entering the year, we plan to repurchase $500 million of stock which represents a doubling of the amount we repurchased in 2023.
This increased authorization is a testament to the robust position of the business as well as the immense value we see in our shares. With book value per share, excluding AOCI, crossing the $70 mark. In summary, we're pleased by the positive trends across our operations and the supportive macro environment. The second quarter marked another period of strength of the company and served as an important milestone for the year.
We remain forward-looking, ensuring we are well positioned to execute our strategy and achieve our revised outlook of 10% to 15% earnings-per-share growth. Thank you once again for joining us, and let me turn it over to Steve for some of the details.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Great. Thank you, Rick, and good morning, everyone. As Rick described, the second quarter was another very good quarter for the company, with adjusted after-tax operating income per share of $2.16 as we benefited from strong operating performance across our businesses. Based on this performance, the performance that we've achieved through the first half of the year, compared to our expectations presented in January and our view that improved margins will continue, we are increasing our 2024 after-tax adjusted operating earnings-per-share growth outlook from 7% to 9% to 10% to 15%.
I will provide additional context to where we see the sustainability of the margins as we get into the segment financial results. In addition to the great margins we're seeing, our growth momentum has also continued into the second quarter, with core operations premium growing 5.4%, putting us well on pace to achieve our full-year outlook of premium growth in the 5% to 7% range. Aiding this growth were a combination of strong levels of persistency, continued benefits from natural growth, and in-line new sales. Although sales growth was muted this quarter, we remain optimistic that we'll receive our growth goals for the year as we enter into the second half of 2024.
As Rick mentioned in his opening, our high-performing teams and industry-leading technology are a differentiator for us in the market and our reason why we are seeing the healthy levels of growth and strong market margins today. While we continue to expect expense ratios to decline over time, we continue to invest heavily in these areas and see that reflected through increased expense ratios across the company this quarter. We are happy with our investments, and are confident in the payoff they will provide driving future growth and profitability. So, now, let's dive into our quarterly operating results across the segments, beginning with Unum U.S.
Adjusted operating income in the Unum U.S. segment increased 4.2% to $357.5 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to $343.1 million in the second quarter of 2023. Results finished above prior year, primarily due to favorable benefits experience across multiple lines. The group disability line reported another robust quarter with a benefit ratio of 59.1%, driving adjusted operating income of $153.2 million.
Although this result was lower than the second quarter of 2023's result of $159.8 million due to higher expenses, we do continue to be very pleased with the sustained margins in this business as the strong claim recovery performance has continued. Results for Unum U.S. group life and AD&D increased significantly compared to the second quarter of last year, with adjusted operating income of $89.1 million for the second quarter of 2024, compared to $51.6 million in the same period a year ago. The benefit ratio decreased to 65.4%, compared to 73% in the second quarter of 2023.
This improvement was driven by lower incidence levels in group life. We believe the favorable experience in this segment will continue for the next several quarters, and therefore, we are now expecting a benefit ratio range around 70% for the remainder of the year. Adjusted operating earnings for the Unum U.S. supplemental and voluntary lines in the second quarter were $115.2 million, a decrease from $131.7 million in the second quarter of 2023.
The decrease is driven by underlying benefits experience and voluntary benefits and higher expenses in the segment. The voluntary benefits benefit ratio of 45.1% was higher than the prior year's result of 39.2% due primarily to less favorable experience in disability, critical illness, and hospital indemnity product lines. This was partially offset by an improvement in the individual disability benefit ratio to 39%, compared to 42.1% a year ago, driven by favorable recoveries. So, then turning to premium trends and drivers.
Unum U.S. premium grew 5.5% with support from natural growth and a strong level of persistency. Unum U.S. quarterly sales were $313.2 million, compared to $314.6 million in the second quarter of 2023.
Total group persistency of 92.4% maintained a sequentially strong level and was significantly above the same period a year-ago result of 89.8%, which is more in line with historical norms. Moving to Unum international. The segment experienced exceptional results. Adjusted operating income for the second quarter of $42.5 million was down from $43.5 million in the second quarter of 2023 as inflation benefits in the U.K.
did decline approximately $10 million compared to the year-ago period and to the lowest levels we have seen since the pandemic. Adjusted operating income for the Unum U.K. business was 32.5 million pounds in the second quarter, compared to 34.3 million pounds in the second quarter of 2023. When removing the inflationary benefits referred to earlier, adjusted operating income increased nearly 30% and was in excess of 30 million pounds.
These strong results reflect strong underlying performance, including an improved benefit ratio of 69.5%, compared to 72.3% a year ago. International premiums continue to show strong growth, supported by solid sales trends and increasing persistency. Unum U.K. generated premium growth of 6.1% on a year-over-year basis in the second quarter, while our Poland operation grew 24.6%.
The international businesses continued to generate year-over-year sales growth, up 4.8%, driven primarily by Unum U.K. growth of 5.7%. Next, adjusted operating income for the colonial life segment was $116.9 million in the second quarter, compared to $115.5 million in the second quarter of 2023, with the increase driven by premium growth and favorable benefits experience. The benefit ratio of 47.8% improved from 48.3% in the year-ago period and was within our expectations.
Colonial premium income of $446.2 million grew 3.6%, compared to $430.6 million in the second quarter of 2023, driven by higher levels of persistency and the growing trends we've seen in sales momentum. Premium income growth of 3.8% for the first half of 2024, compares favorably to the full-year growth outlook of 2% to 4%, which we communicated in January. Sales in the second quarter of $122.9 million increased just under 1% from prior year, primarily driven by new account sales. In the closed block segment, adjusted operating income of $51.6 million was higher than last quarter's result of $24.3 million.
The increase was due primarily to improved alternative asset income and higher earnings from other products within the closed block. Annualized yield on the alternative asset portfolio of 9.9% was at the top end of our long-term expectation of 8% to 10% returns. The LTC net premium ratio was 93.7% at the end of second quarter of 2024, which is higher than the reported 86.1% in the same year-ago period, due primarily to the assumption update in the third quarter of 2023. Sequentially, the NPR decreased 10 basis points compared to the first quarter of 2024, driven by the impacts of favorable experience in non-capped cohorts.
Let me also provide an update on the underlying LTC claims experience. As we have discussed on prior calls, the LTC claim inventory is in a period of normalization as we continue to return to pre-pandemic claim patterns in this block. Similar to last quarter, recent trends continue to support these expectations as incidents experienced in the second quarter while still elevated compared to our long-term expectations improved compared to the first quarter of 2024. Finally, we continue to advance our closed block strategy through actions such as pursuing rate increases and expanding our hedging program.
This active management contributes to our goals of creating value, reducing the footprint, and increasing predictability of outcomes for the block. I'll now highlight the specific actions we took in the second quarter to progress these goals. First, we continue to see success in the execution of our rate increase program. Since the rate increase program refresh in the third quarter of 2023, we have achieved approximately 25% of our target and continue to feel confident in achieving our best estimate assumption.
Next, we took the opportunity to continue the expansion of our interest rate hedging program, which reduces interest rate risk in the LTC product line by locking in this favorable macro environment for years to come. During the quarter, we entered into $458 million of treasury forwards, and the value of open notional hedges was approximately $2.4 billion at the end of the second quarter. So, then wrapping up my commentary on the segment's financial results, the adjusted operating loss in the corporate segment was $45.3 million, compared to a $34.9 million loss in the second quarter of 2023, primarily driven by lower allocated net investment income. As discussed last quarter, we expect losses in the corporate segment will stay relatively consistent in the mid-$40 million range for the remainder of the year.
Moving now to investments. We continue to see a good environment for new money yields with purchases made in the quarter once again at levels above our earned portfolio yield. Overall, miscellaneous investment income increased to $35.4 million, compared to $21.1 million a year ago as both alternative investment income and, to a lesser extent, traditional bond call premiums increased. Income from our alternative invested assets was $32.7 million in the quarter.
We continue to be pleased with and benefit from the composition of the portfolio. As of the end of the second quarter, our total alternative invested assets were valued at just over 1.4 billion, with 42% in private equity partnerships, 36% in real asset partnerships, and 22% in private credit partnerships. This diversified construction helps manage acute volatility that can be experienced in portfolios with asset class concentration. Year to date and since inception, our diversified alternative portfolio has achieved returns that meet our long-term expectations.
So, I'll end my commentary with an update on our capital position. As expected, our capital levels remain well in excess of our targets and operational needs, offering tremendous protection and flexibility. The weighted average risk-based capital ratio for our traditional U.S. insurance companies is approximately 470% and holding company liquidity remains robust at $1.3 billion.
We are on track to end the year at or above our expected levels with no capital contributions to LTC as we previously communicated. I will also add that dividends from our insurance subsidiaries are traditionally weighted toward the fourth quarter, which will change the geography of excess capital from risk-based capital to holding company cash as we get into the fourth quarter. Capital metrics benefited in the second quarter from strong statutory results with statutory after-tax operating income of $366.1 million for the second quarter and $716.6 million for the first half of the year. This does put us on pace to generate capital near the top end of our range of $1.4 billion to $1.6 billion, which we laid out earlier this year.
Our strong cash generation model drives our ability to return capital to shareholders. And in the second quarter, we paid $69 million in common stock dividends and repurchased $179.8 million of shares. As Rick referenced, our board of directors has approved a new share repurchase authorization of up to $1 billion. This new authorization is effective tomorrow, August 1st, and will replace the current authorization.
This provides us additional flexibility to dynamically utilize this deployment option as we remain committed to our capital deployment priorities. In the first half of 2024, we returned $300 million of capital through share repurchase, and we now expect that amount to be greater in the second half of the year. So, to close, we're encouraged by the momentum that we have built throughout the first half of 2024 and expect similar operating trends to persist in the second half, which will drive strong sales, premiums, and earnings growth across our core businesses. For the past 12 months, group disability results have been a focal point in driving higher earnings power, and we expect this to sustain for the foreseeable future.
Coupled with our improved outlook for group life, our expectation for full-year EPS growth is now 10% to 15%. Now, I'll turn the call back to Rick for his closing comments, and I do look forward to your questions.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thank you, Steve. And I'd like to reiterate, we thank everybody for joining us this morning. We are in a great position halfway through the year and the momentum created as we look to execute on our growth strategy.
We are here to respond to your questions. So, I'd like to open up the call and turn it over to Mandeep, our operator. Mandeep?
Questions & Answers:
Operator
Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Ryan Krueger with KBW. Please go ahead.
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Hey, thanks. Good morning. My first question is on the competitive environment in Unum U.S. Can you discuss how you see the environment today as well as, I guess, maybe anything you distinguished between the core market and large case at this point?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thanks, Ryan. That's a good broad question. We're going to turn it over to Chris.
I would say competitive environment-wise, we are in a competitive business. And so, we look forward to that. But let me let Chris give some details, especially across, you mentioned, different segments where we see different competitors. Chris?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yes, Ryan. Thanks for the question. Certainly, it's an exciting time in our market space. I'd start with capabilities that continue to be really important where we're making our technological investments, solving customer problems.
That does make us show up in what is a real competitive environment in a very different way. So, we're having a lot of respect for our traditional competitors who are doing their good work. We show up with reason to talk to customers about things like lead management, things like connecting to their human capital management platforms through HR Connect and other broker platforms that help serve their markets through our broker connect strategy. And it really does change the game where price is important, and that is a factor in negotiations, but it's not the only thing.
And we feel really good about that. I would couple that with the fact that to your point around core market versus large, we're right now working through the 1/1 large market inventory. We're off to a good start. We feel really good about what we're working through, but there's still work to do to arrive where we believe is going to be a very strong place at the end of the year.
Mid-market gives us kind of a little bit of an earlier view in terms of what actually happened in the quarter. And our sales in the mid-market are quite strong through the first half of the year, both in terms of new sales premium and the number of customers that we're winning. And we feel like it's a really good indicator of sophisticated buyers who are choosing the capabilities that we're putting in front of them. And last thing I would add is we're doing it with a really strong team.
We've got a team of folks who believe in what we're selling. They're showing up the market really well, and it's all part of a very coordinated strategy. Thanks for the question.
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Thanks. My follow-up is just when you think about the outperformance in group disability and now group life as well, I know this has been asked a number of times in the past, but just how you think about the pricing environment? How sustainable those loss benefit ratios are in Unum U.S. and kind of thinking about the next few years?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yes. Thanks, Ryan. Chris again. And we continue to work our book of business in terms of what the right pricing levels are for long-term stability.
We do it upmarket. We do it on a case-by-case basis. We think, again, when you're tying capabilities in with pricing levels that are fair and with a very transparent approach, we can give people that predictable pricing level that gets the returns that we need and also allows them to kind of feel good about the partnership. Again, competition is real.
Price negotiations are part of it, but we feel very good that the combination of how we're approaching the market with a capability-based approach that serves us really well in terms of that result.
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Thank you.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Ryan.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Suneet Kamath with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. Thank you. I just want to follow up a little bit on what Ryan's line of questioning was but maybe focusing on persistency. It seems like, I think, the number you quoted in Unum U.S.
was 92.4, and it seems like that number continues to just be very strong. Is this just the outcome of some of those additional services that you provide, HR Connect and lead management? And should we just expect a higher level of persistency going forward relative to the past when perhaps those strategies were not as big of a part of your story?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yes. Suneet, Chris. Thanks for the question. And -- but if I were to step back and just think about persistency in total, right now, we are enjoying exceptional persistency.
And that's obviously a good thing. And capabilities, that's a part of the story, but there's a lot more to what comes with keeping our in-force block, renewing that block, expanding that block. And as the capabilities that we're investing in becoming a bigger part, obviously, that will be a bigger part of future persistency. But for right now, it's a more complex story.
And I would say that some of the exceptional results we're seeing right now probably came from a few -- maybe fewer RFPs that were in the historic past. And now, we're starting to see a pretty robust level of quote activity in the larger end of the market. That's good from a prospect and a new sales standpoint, but it also creates some activity on the in-force block going forward. So, it's a dynamic body work.
Part of that is capabilities, but it's not the whole story.
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
OK. Got it. And then I guess just on the group life. If I think back to group disability and your confidence in the benefit ratio, I think there were some structural things going on around recoveries that gave you confidence.
But I guess I don't quite understand what gives you confidence in group life, just given so much of it is mortality and it bounces around. And you don't really have control over that. So, what is it that you're looking at that suggests that that benefit ratio in group life AD&D can remain kind of in the neighborhood where it is right now?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Suneet. This is Steve. I can fill that one. Just first of all, step back.
This is a relatively small block of business, about $500 million of quarterly premium. So, it can be volatile, and it is tough to just pick a number and have tremendous confidence that we're going to be able to hit that exact number on a quarter-to-quarter basis. I would say what we've seen is really three quarters of pretty favorable claims experience. We're also seeing a market where pricing right now for us is pretty stable.
So, we've targeted the 70% loss ratio just kind of as an expectation for the remainder of the year. We've seen it over the last three quarters now. And so, it gives us some confidence that usually it doesn't change tremendously, maybe quarter to quarter, but over time, it can change and those margins can change. But we feel good for the remainder of the year to use that for us as kind of a planning expectation.
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
OK. Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Joel Hurwitz with Dowling & Partners. Please go ahead.
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. So, first question. Steve, can you just provide some more color on the long-term care incidence trends? I guess how far off are you guys from the assumption? And at this point, given the trend that you're seeing, would you expect to get to that long-term expectation?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I'm not going to predict when we're going to get back to it. We did see elevated levels continue for claims incidence above our longer-term expectations in the second quarter. What I'll say is, sequentially, claims incidents, when we look at our internal operating metrics, it did improve in aggregate in the second quarter.
It was interesting, though, as we've discussed in the past, how that played through the cohorts and how that actually impacted earnings in the net premium ratio. And what you would see is we did have favorable experience against our long-term reserve expectations within the uncapped cohorts. And that is what drove the reduction in our net premium ratio. It was reduced about 10 basis points, so feel good about that.
But there did continue to be some unfavorable experience in the CAP cohorts, and that would have been reflected just in the current earnings during the period. We do believe that incidents will continue to dissipate in the back half of the year just because of the trends that we are seeing. But obviously, we just need to see how that plays out in the back half of the year. I've talked in the past about really the claim inventory on an absolute basis and how that trends back to what our long-term expectation is.
And I would just say, again for the quarter, we saw that just kind of flatten against what that long-term expectation would be for the overall inventory. So, it gives us some confidence, but we'll just have to see how the year plays out.
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
OK. That's helpful. And then shifting to colonial life. Can you just touch on both sales and persistency.
So, sales will improve a little bit quarter over quarter, still appear challenged. But the top line was still pretty solid, I think, on strong persistency. So, just what are you seeing from those two fronts?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Tim?
Timothy Gerald Arnold -- Executive Vice President, Voluntary Benefits and President, Colonial Life
Yes. Thanks for the question. This is Tim. So, from a sales perspective, slightly improved over first quarter with almost 1% sales growth year over year.
There were a lot of bright spots. New case sales were up 8.7%. Public sector, our best profitability sector was up 8.8%. And our other target markets, not including public sector, we were up 14.9% in the quarter.
The headwinds came primarily as they did in the first quarter on the existing book, and we think there's some evidence that that's finally -- we're finally beginning to see the effect of inflation on consumers. And so, we've just got to double down on our enrollment capabilities to ensure that we're reaching as many consumers as possible to the extent, but that's the pressure we're seeing. You mentioned persistency overall is really strong. We feel great about where we ended with persistency in the quarter.
We think that our capabilities on the colonial life side and the service levels that we have, which are near-record levels, are all contributing to that. So, we feel good about persistency and the impact it had on earned premium. We're also continuing to see strong success with our gather, agent assist, and cross-brand sales initiatives. Unum group product sales from colonial life agents, which are not reported in the colonial life line, were very significantly in the quarter.
And we're pleased to see that colonial life agents continue to leverage that capability. You didn't ask, but on the Unum VB side, a really strong quarter, sales up 27%, new sales on the Unum side at 31%. So, really strong results on the Unum VB side as well.
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Elyse Greenspan -- Analyst
Hi, thanks. Good morning. My first question is on capital return. Should we think of -- you guys guided to the second half of this year being greater than the first half.
So, that puts '24 at above 600 million. Is that like the baseline expectation for capital return when you think about going into 2025?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks for the question, Elyse. Let me step back a little bit and talk a little bit about the capital deployment. First, I'd start with the generation.
I mean, I would reiterate that we've seen very strong generation coming out of our statutory entities taking us up to the higher end of our range of the capital generation that we expect to see this year. And so, we take that into account as we think about deployment, certainly want to continue to deploy straight back into our business, talk about the capabilities that Chris referenced as we are out there competing and looking to grow the business on a core basis. And as we've said all along, M&A is also on the table to grow a little bit faster. And so, as we think about all those things, putting good capital to use, we were happy at the beginning of this year, talking about our dividend increase that we have out there, very important to us.
And then share repurchase, our 500 million we talked about earlier in the year was double the pace of what we saw previous year. And so, all that's good. But what we've seen in the second quarter, you would have seen us actually accelerate a little bit. What we said at the beginning of the year is we're going to be dynamic when we think about share repurchase.
We make these decisions quite often. And then more specifically to your question, that 300 million, we did say we expect it to be higher in the second half. So, you talked about that as a baseline, it's probably a reasonable way to think about that. But we are going to be continuing to be dynamic and think about putting our capital to use through our share repurchase plan.
And I'd just remind you that our board did authorize up to $1 billion. So, we do have the flexibility to put capital to work by buying back our stock.
Elyse Greenspan -- Analyst
Thanks. And then my second question, going back, I guess, to group life and AD&D, you guys said the benefit ratio should be around 70% for the remainder of the year. When we think about '25, should we think about that kind of going back to where you guys had kind of guided for this year in like the low to mid-70s?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
This is Steve. I think it's probably a little premature at this point to talk about 2025. You are right, historically, that benefit ratio was in kind of the low 70%. I would say -- we'll see how the remainder of the year plays out.
We'll see how the sustainability of margins are. And then as we get through the back half of the year, we can start to give a little bit more visibility into what we think 2025 looks like. I think it's safe to say, Elyse, that there's nothing that we know that would say something in that 70 to low 70s wouldn't be kind of an expectation, but it's hard to just predict right now what that might look like until we see the back half of the year.
Elyse Greenspan -- Analyst
Thank you.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks. Elyse.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of John Barnidge with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Good morning. Thank you for the opportunity. Can you talk about the growth in the U.S.? And how much of that is coming from pricing versus expanded offerings and new employee count? Thank you.
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yeah. Thanks, John. This is Chris. And we are seeing growth up several different ways.
The wage growth that we saw in the past has kind of come back to normal. Employee growth also kind of back to normal. But our premium growth, we work the cases where we need to get a price increase. Based on experience, setting price for sustainable levels, we'll adjust down if we need to.
And then obviously, the new business sales that come through, it's a mix of things that contribute to what you're seeing. But we fell good that's very balanced, and we're optimistic for the future.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
John, the only thing I'd add to that, in the script, we didn't really talk about natural growth, quantifying it. It was around 4% in the second quarter. I'd say that probably was a little bit heavier weighted to wage growth than employment growth but continue to provide a nice tailwind for us.
John Barnidge -- Analyst
And then my follow-up question. With the higher premium [Inaudible] base in force on the back of persistency that seems to be secularly strong over the last several years, how do you view the opportunity to extend the duration of that higher EPS growth?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
John, can you repeat the last part of that?
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Yeah. How do you view the opportunity to extend the duration of that higher EPS growth that we're now expecting?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I would say we kind of go back to what our longer-term expectations would be. As we're talking about future years, we're pretty comfortable with the type of long-term guidance that we would have given back in January and think that that provides a nice support for the business. We've tended to be able to operate pretty well through different environmental and market expectations, and we feel that way going forward.
So, probably a little bit early to talk about going into next year, but that long-term expectation would be in that 8% to 10% range. But we'll update the market as we get into January of next year.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I think the key thing, John, too, if you think about -- it's about driving the premium growth. And so, if we get that good top line growing, our team does a really good job with discipline in getting margins in our business. And then you combine with that reducing the share count, as we talked about, that leads us to that 8% to 10% growth. We're happy with that, but we're especially happy this year growing in that 10% to 15% range.
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Thanks for the answers.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Jimmy Bhullar with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. So, first, just a question on long-term care. If I look at your net premium ratio, it improved a little bit sequentially, but it seems like for the first half as a whole, it's still running fairly high. So, just wondering, what are the key metrics that you're watching to see if you need to raise reserves as you do your review? And any comments on how those are trending versus initial expectations?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Thanks for the question, Jimmy. I'd just go back to kind of our internal operational metrics. We did see -- the elevation in the first quarter, we did see that come down in the second quarter, although still elevated.
It all comes down to which cohorts we see it in. I would say, in the first quarter, we had unfavorable experience against expectations in those cohorts that were uncapped. So, you would have seen the NPR go up. And then that reversed a little bit in the second quarter, where we had favorable experience in those cohorts.
And so, that's just a dynamic that we'll see play forward. Specifically about our reserve assumption review, it's really early to talk about any conclusions. But just to remind, we go through a comprehensive review on all of our product lines as part of LDTI in the third quarter for GAAP, and we will do that this year and be able to talk about the results of that on our third-quarter call. And then we go through the statutory version of that in the fourth quarter, and we'll be able to report out on that.
But obviously, we're looking at longer-term experience sets when we look at all of these assumptions. And so, we'll take not only the last year that we've seen in new account, but what we've seen for the last several years. And that will factor into how we think about reserve assumptions. But again, no conclusions yet.
We'll update you when we get through third-quarter earnings.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
And then just on your sales results. Some of the commentary from your peers on competition in group benefits has been more cautious than your commentary. And if I look at your overall sales, they haven't been that good in the first half of the year. So, how much of the weaker sales is because of competition you're seeing, whether it's large case or otherwise? Or is it just sort of normal volatility you see in some of these larger cases?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Jimmy. I think we'll go and talk to each of our business about what sales are and the story that we see beyond just competition, where do we see sales going. Chris, do you want to start us off in the U.S.?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yeah. Thanks again for the question. So, we come through the first half of the year, really, frankly, ahead of our plan. So, we feel really good about where we sit midyear.
We feel very good about capabilities that I've talked about driving lots of prospective conversations with customers, getting us to finalist meetings and winning in the market. We see that mostly in the mid-market. Again, just based on effective dates, it's a little bit more normal to see smaller and mid-market effective dates that fall in the first half of the year. What you see from Unum U.S.
from a comparative basis year over year, the volatility in large is most pronounced. Last year, we had our largest group insurance sale happened for 7/1 by -- and that's a little bit abnormal just based on effective date. Normally, that would be more centered on 1/1. And even our largest individual disability sale happened in the second quarter of last year.
So, when I compare year over year with, again, mid-market sales, new coverages and new premium, we're really pleased with where things stand. And when I kind of put a cap on it and look forward to 1/1, we're very confident with the position we're in that we can deliver the full-year sales result. And that isn't a dynamic competitive environment, no question. But again, we've got a strong team bringing a strong message.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good. We'll go to the U.K. Mark?
Mark Till -- Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum International
Thanks very much, Rick. I think we're really pleased in international with the growth that we generated in Quarter 2. It was much improved on Quarter 1. If I look at the U.K.
first, 5.7% growth in local currency in sales, that was a record Quarter 2 for us. And actually, from a competitive intensity perspective, the second half of the year, we'll see one of our competitors leave as that business has been acquired. And we've been investing very strongly in the U.K. in proposition, which creates a story beyond price.
Poland, I would say, the market is pretty consistent. And overall, I think we're feeling very good about ourselves being in line with the 8% to 12% outlook that we gave at the start of the year.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mark. And, Tim, I know you talked a little bit about sales. Anything you'd add to the question?
Timothy Gerald Arnold -- Executive Vice President, Voluntary Benefits and President, Colonial Life
Yes. Just to reiterate a couple of points. New sales up 8.7%. Sales in our target markets up significantly year over year.
Those are the places I think you would see pressure from the competitive environment. So, the voluntary benefits marketplace is competitive. But the pressure we're seeing is with our existing clients, and we believe that's inflationary versus competitive.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Thank you.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
So, appreciate the question, Jimmy. I think wrapping up the competitive, I think we've all hit on it. We live in a competitive environment. That is not new.
We're used to operating in that environment. And so, i think we look out for the rogue competitor that's out there pricing irrationally, from our perspective, in the market. We don't see that. We just see good aggressive competition, and that's a world we thrive in.
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
OK, thanks again.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Tom Gallagher with Evercore. Please go ahead.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Good morning. Sorry to beat a dead horse here, another question about group benefits competition. So, on another company's earnings call last week, we heard about new competitors entering into the group benefit space. They were flagging mutual insurers as well as some public companies that aren't big players but that appear to be ramping up and growing fairly aggressively.
Can you comment on what you're seeing in terms of new competition? Are you also bumping into that? And how is that affecting things from a pricing or from a growth perspective?
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Yeah. Tom, it's a good point. We certainly can name some new entrants into the market. Some of them are -- they're generally on the smaller end of the market.
Some of them are getting products approved in a subset of states. They're starting to show up in different places. I don't want to -- I certainly don't want to dismiss that as a factor. That's part of the competitive dynamic that we've all talked about Rick just reiterated.
We compete really well there. My sense would be that the newer entrants more likely show up where they see kind of openings in the market to show up maybe on a price basis to get attention. And when you start getting a little bit deeper on digitized self-service portals and connected platforms and things as complicated as lead management, you probably see a little less of the new entrant, which is maybe why I would say, yes, it's a real part of the market, but not the biggest thing that we think is going to drive any sort of true headwind to our sales results for the year.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Got you. That's helpful. And I guess, just broadly, I think, Rick, you guys have described the market as being rational. Price competition or, I should say, rate that you're getting has been fairly stable for both disability and group life.
What are you thinking on renewals into '25? Is it still stable? Would you expect some pressure on pricing? Just some directional commentary would be helpful.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Tom. I think you -- I agree with how you capitalize it. We actually see the rationality in the market. Now, that's a range, so we have to be very clear that the irrational that we've seen in previous years, I go back five-plus years where people that were real outliers.
And so, there is aggressiveness in the market today, but that's a range that we can compete in and bring forward our capabilities and win on that front. Maybe, Chris, you could add to on that.
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Just about that a little bit, Rick. There's no question, this year's persistency level is exceptional. So, this is ahead of our plan. We do plan on meaningful persistency but not as high as this year reflects.
Maybe just get back to how we work with customers and the fact that we do try and use our pricing discipline and their desire for long-term price stability to adjust for the future. When your block is running well, like ours is, that does mean there are cases that deserve some sort of a rate adjustment down. But again, they don't want it to be a pendulum swing, where you're moving right down and then up again in two years or whatever it might be. And we will still dynamically kind of work customers that need a price increase up to make sure that they're priced well for the long term, and that's a process we're very comfortable with.
So, I go back to the discipline, I go back to working hard to solve customer problems and focus on things that are meaningful in their technology ecosystem and in terms of lead management and other factors. The bundled sale is really important, and we're able to put together a nice package that gets a fair return and is stable for the long term.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
OK. Thanks.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Wes Carmichael with Autonomous Research. Please go ahead.
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to drill down just again in group life. And just in the current quarter's experience, just wondering if you could maybe just unpack what you saw in terms of incidence or frequency? And is this still maybe a normalization a little bit post-pandemic? And if you could offer any color in terms of specific mortality cost, where you saw a little bit more favorability, that would be great.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Wes. It's Steve. Yeah, I can cover that. That segment is a combination of both kind of traditional group life as well as excellent death in dismemberment.
I would say it's definitely in the traditional group life. It's really focused on incidents in what we're seeing. There's really nothing around severity that I think we would call out. It's really just around count and incidence levels.
And again, we've seen pretty consistent performance over the last three quarters. I can't really comment on whether it still has something to do with the pandemic. I will say that we had predicted some endemic mortality in our block, and there is still some of that. But I'm not sure I would connect the two.
I just think that we've had a pretty good run here and that we think that that should continue at least in the short term.
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Thanks. That's helpful, Steve. And just maybe any update in the long-term care risk transfer market? Has anything changed over the past couple of months in your view?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks, Wes. Not a lot. I mean, I'll just take you back and say that we were happy to see another transaction happen in the market.
It's exactly how we've been talking about it as well in terms of being able to look at our block in different pieces and parse it to find the right buyer at the right price. I think that certainly opened up the market a little bit. People have raised tension levels. But once again, this is us doing the work, which we've done, finding the right buyer, and going through what can be a pretty detailed process.
So, I wouldn't say anything new on that front. It is still something that we are very focused on, still something that we want to do. But until we actually find that right buyer, we'll announce that when it happens. But the market is kind of the same.
But I'd say that a year ago, it probably did opening up a little bit, but it ebbs and flows as we've talked about over the last several years.
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Thanks, Rick.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Mark Hughes with Truist. Please go ahead.
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Yeah, thank you. Good morning. What is a good target benefit ratio in supplemental and voluntary?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I mean, I think we've had fairly consistent benefit ratios. That line of business is a combination of our individual disability income business that we're currently marketing, our voluntary benefits business, and our dental and vision. And those tend to bounce around a little bit.
If you go back to what we were looking at last January when we gave guidance, we were looking at something that, I'd say, ranged around 50%. We've seen some favorable experience probably against that expectation. But I think that's a pretty good -- it's a pretty good planning assumption going forward of the margins that we would expect in that business.
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Very good. And then this may be premature. But thinking about the forward interest rate curve as the Fed starts to cut, what does that mean for earnings growth next year? You referred to your long-term guidance of 8% to 10%. If we do go through a rate-cutting cycle, does that have a material impact? I mean, is that worth 100 to 200 basis points? Or how should we think about them?
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I think your question is a good one. I know the day that it is in the market in terms of rates and where they are, but think about the rate cuts, and it's premature because we don't know what's going to happen on the long end of the curve as a result of any action that the Fed will take. I think we talked about this environment.
And when we say this environment, the 10-year and 30-year kind of with a four handle on them, that's a good operating environment for us. And if it goes anywhere different than that, the impact will be -- and I'd say it will be longer term as well. We've talked about hedging, so we've actually locked up a bunch of that new cash flows that we'll see next year. And so, it's premature, Mark, to talk about what that impact might be.
And once again, we don't really know where the 10-year and 30-year are going to go either. We've operated in more difficult environments. And I think that we're happy when things are -- have a four handle on them.
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Appreciate it.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Wilma Burdis with Raymond James. Please go ahead.
Wilma Burdis -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. How are you guys thinking about the LTC hedging program going forward? Is there a natural stopping point? Or will you continue to add hedges until the rate environment just doesn't make sense anymore? Thanks.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Wilma. This is Steve. I'll take that one. So, first of all, love our hedging program.
It's provided really good risk management, and it minimizes capital sensitivities as it relates to our LTC book and kind of the reserving methodology that we have there on a regulatory basis. We're happy with how we've grown it. We did -- we've been at it now for over a couple of years. We kind of expanded it in the second quarter, feel good about that.
I'll just go back to how we've set the program up and what our targets are. We look at investable cash flows over a time horizon. And what we've targeted is over the next five years to target 50% of those cash flows to put protection on. And then for year six and seven, we're targeting 40%.
And really, that's just because of, as I mentioned before, the hedge accounting methodology and just making sure that we can execute and deliver on those securities and going out in the market and being able to buy them. So, nice expansion. At the end of second quarter, we had 2.4 billion of notional -- our strike price is about four and a quarter on our book of business. And cumulatively, we put on $3.2 billion.
Specific to your question, we're getting pretty close to our targets. This last expansion pretty much got us to where we want to be. The only thing that I'd note is we will continue to enter into new ones as those mature because we have those laddered really on a quarterly basis, where every quarter, they're maturing, we're going out, we're placing the cash in securities, and then we're kind of extending the program another quarter. So, the cumulative number will continue to build.
But I would say the absolute notional, we feel pretty good about where we are right now.
Wilma Burdis -- Raymond James -- Analyst
OK. Thank you. And then you talked a little bit more about the possibility of acquiring some capabilities. Has the market changed at all? Is there -- are there any attractive opportunities out there? Or is this just part of kind of reevaluating your capital usage? Thanks.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks, Wilma. I think when we think about M&A, we've been clear to talk about that. It is about capabilities we want to have, areas of our business where we can actually enhance growth.
There are opportunities out there that we look at. Now, these are deals that would be of a smaller size, and I got to be careful where I size those type of deals. It's not a capital consideration in terms of changing the dynamics that we've talked about of our deployment at year-end. But these are areas that we think they're out there available and will enable us to enhance our growth trajectory.
And we stay very active in those markets to think about where that can be. But once again, it's not going to be a large consumer of the great capital generation that we've seen. So, we feel very good about our capital deployment plans.
Wilma Burdis -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Ward with Citigroup. Please go ahead.
Mike Ward -- Citi -- Analyst
Thanks, guys. Good morning. I was just wondering if you could unpack the alternative income in closed block, if you have -- if there's anything specific that drove that uptick this quarter and if there's any outlook for the back half of the year?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Mike, this is Steve. I can handle that. So, yeah. Alternative income for the quarter was $32.8 million.
That was an increase from the second quarter of last year. Our yield last year was about 6.5% annualized yield. And it was 9.9%, close to 10% annualized yield for the quarter. Our longer-term expectation would be in that eight to 10 range.
So, pick the midpoint. That's what we use for our planning expectation. And when we would build our outlook, that would be the assumption that we would use. It's about 1.4 billion in asset value right now in that portfolio.
We like the diversification. We think that that's really helped us be somewhat stable in the yields that we've had in that portfolio. But I'd just say we're really happy with the performance that we've seen since inception and definitely this year. And if you're just trying to kind of plan going forward, that eight to 10 range is kind of where we would peg it.
It is going to be volatile quarter to quarter. I mean, you know how these asset classes work. But over time, I think that's a pretty good assumption.
Mike Ward -- Citi -- Analyst
OK. Thanks. And then maybe one last one, just a higher level on, I guess, long-term care that the potential benefits on underwriting or I guess maybe on policyholders from GLP-1 drugs, maybe it's a little early for this. But it feels like -- I saw a headline yesterday, I think, another study is sort of showing that it's seriously preventing or maybe delaying the progression of Alzheimer's.
So, is there any point where you guys think that it might actually be something that we really need to think about?
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Mike, this is Steve. I'll take that one as well. So, I'll take it at a high level. For society, it's great.
It does feel like the development of these drugs are really accelerating, which is wonderful. We track very closely how these trials are going, the results that they're seeing in that. So, obviously, very happy with that. When we step back and think about the business, it will take time for those advancements to work its way into the general population and then specifically into our insured population.
Net-net, kind of how these are evolving, it should be a positive. And it should be a positive across many of our product lines for the other types of drugs that are being developed, not just things around Alzheimer's. So, we're optimistic. Again, great for society.
But we wouldn't change our expectations until we see something actually work its way into our block and really see changes in the trends of our insured population.
Mike Ward -- Citi -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks for squeezing me in, guys.
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yep. Thanks, Mike.
Operator
That concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the call back over to Rick McKenney for closing remarks.
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mandeep. Thanks, everybody, for joining us and staying on here for a couple of extra minutes. We do appreciate your continued support and interest. Our second-quarter results were exceptionally strong, and we revised that in our reflected -- our new outlook.
And so, I hope as you've dug into it, you see the strength that we see as well. We're very confident in our ability to maintain these levels as well as we look to the back half of the year. Operator, that will now end our call today. Thank you, all, for joining us.
We'll look forward to talking to you either out in the market or on our quarterly call next quarter. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
J. Matthew Royal -- Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Richard Paul McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Steven A. Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Rick McKenney -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Ryan Krueger -- Analyst
Chris Pyne -- Executive Vice President, Group Benefits
Suneet Kamath -- Analyst
Steve Zabel -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Joel Hurwitz -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst
Timothy Gerald Arnold -- Executive Vice President, Voluntary Benefits and President, Colonial Life
Elyse Greenspan -- Analyst
John Barnidge -- Analyst
Jimmy Bhullar -- Analyst
Mark Till -- Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum International
Tim Arnold -- Executive Vice President, Voluntary Benefits and President, Colonial Life
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Wes Carmichael -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Mark Hughes -- Analyst
Wilma Burdis -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Mike Ward -- Citi -- Analyst
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