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NorthWestern(NASDAQ: NWE)
Q2 2022 Earnings Call
Jul 28, 2022, 3:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Travis Meyer
Good afternoon and thank you for joining NorthWestern Corporation's financial results webcast for the quarter ending June 30, 2022. My name is Travis Meyer. I'm the director of corporate finance and investor relations officer for NorthWestern. Joining us today to walk you through the results and provide an overall update are Bob Rowe, chief executive officer, Brian Bird, president and chief operating officer, and Crystal Lail, vice president and chief financial officer.
[Operator instructions] NorthWestern's results have been released, and the release is available on our website at northwesternenergy.com. We have also released our 10 -- or excuse me, our 10-Q premarket this morning. Please note that the company's press release, this presentation, comments by presenters and responses to your questions may contain forward-looking statements. As such, I will direct you to the disclosures contained within our SEC filings and the safe harbor provisions included in the second slide of this presentation.
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Please also note this presentation includes non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the non-GAAP disclosures, definitions and reconciliations included in this presentation today. This webcast is being recorded. The archived replay of today's webcast will be available for one year beginning at 6:00 p.m.
Eastern today and can be found in the financial results section of our website. With that, I'll hand the presentation over to NorthWestern's CEO, Bob Rowe.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Good afternoon and thank you for joining us. The photograph on the cover of the deck you're looking at is taken from the rim rocks above Billings in Yellowstone County, Montana. That's appropriate because as you know, we're working very hard to ensure adequate delivery and generating capacity in the Billings area, particularly the Yellowstone County Generating Station but also other work as well. But in fact, our board meeting is in Kalispell, in Flathead County over in the northwestern corner of Montana, where we're seeing really exciting growth on the natural gas side as well.
We had a great visit with our local team here, board and employees in our Kalispell, Montana office. It was particularly nice because yesterday, we concluded the last open contract we had, and that was with our represented Kalispell employees. So as a result of that, now we have multiyear labor contracts with all of our represented employees, providing some real stability. And I would say that we all came out of that much more united with a sense of shared purpose.
I'll start off with some highlights, turn it over to Crystal for the financials then to Brian for operating results and coming attractions. And then, we'll come back and visit just a little bit about the other big news of the day that we're all really very pleased with. Recent highlights, starting off. Financial results are in line with our expectations for the quarter.
That includes net income of $29.8 million, or $0.54 diluted EPS, and a non-GAAP EPS of $30.01, or $0.54 diluted EPS per share. Our expected long-term annual EPS growth rate is between 3% and 6%. And we're reaffirming our full year non-GAAP guidance of between $3.20 and $3.40 per diluted share. Our $582 million capital plan for 2022 remains on track.
Our folks do an excellent job managing our capital work despite all the challenges that are being thrown at them. In May, we went live with the 58-megawatt Bob Glanzer Generating Station in Huron, Montana. A neat story there is while we were cutting the ribbon, the generating station was called on by SPP at that moment, and we had to all go outside. It's been working wonderfully well and typically has been called on by the Power Pool multiple times every week.
So it's doing just what it was intended to do. We had really a great employee response in both Montana and South Dakota to some severe weather. Probably you all saw the photographs from Yellowstone Park and the Yellowstone River. And you should know that our employees were very much in the middle of every part of that, working to restore service in the park, in the communities along the river and really even bigger storms hitting South Dakota, two derecho storms in particular.
We track major events, but this was a rare catastrophic event, and we define catastrophic as seven times as significant as a major. In both the Montana and the South Dakota events, our employees did a great job. We heard stories of customers just watching in tears, really grateful for the work they were doing. And very importantly, all of that work was done very, very safely.
So we were doing -- our folks were doing just what they were expected to do. In terms of the dividend, our quarterly dividend of $0.63 per share will be payable on September 30, 2022, for shareholders of record as of September 15. Crystal, off to you.
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Bob. As Bob noted, an operational quarter with some significant events there and then we look at results from a Q2 perspective, you'll see on slide four, as Bob mentioned, lower at the net income line by $7.4 million, coming in at $29.8 million of net income or $0.54. The thing I would mention is after adjusting for non-GAAP items, which I'll get into in a little bit more detail here, that is actually an improvement at the net income line of $30.1 million in Q2 '22 versus $29.2 million in Q2 of '21 or $0.54 as compared with $0.56. Turning to slide five to give you a bit more detail on our earnings here.
Really solid performance from retail volumes. You'll see that on the left side of the page, offset by items really favorable in Q2 of '21. The absence of those is affecting the comparative results here. Also, we had a penalty associated with some press litigation driving unfavorable results.
I would also mention the higher operating and depreciating -- depreciation there in line with our expectations. And then, of course, the share dilution based off the equity that we issued in late 2021, all leading to $0.18 lower on a GAAP basis versus 2021. A bit more detail on the margin line at page six, down $2 million primarily again driven by some of those favorable items that occurred in Q2 of '21, offset by solid customer growth and usage and then weather on the natural gas side. So I'll take it from the left side of the page to the right here.
The first column is the adjustment to our liability that we have for out-of-market QF costs. This is my favorite thing, was my favorite thing when I was an accountant, to go through this every year. But last year, in Q2, that was $9.2 million favorable to us. This year, $5.1 million favorable so you see a lower impact there, negative of $4.1 million.
The next column here is our transmission, electric transmission margins. The thing I would mention there is last year, we had the release of $4.7 million of margin related to prior deferred revenues. If you removed that and we actually are seeing -- continuing to see solid transition revenues and a slight improvement over Q2 of '21. But again, the absence of that $4.7 million favorable in 2021 is impacting the results there.
Moving to our fundamental natural gas and electric volumes for the quarter, you'll see natural gas was favorable really on the backs of cooler April and May weather there contributing. And then, on the residential side, weather not quite as favorable on the electric piece, I should say, but solid residential and commercial usage offset of this by the industrial side. So margin there together on natural gas and electric volumes, $6.7 million favorable. I would comment that weather was $3 million favorable to us versus normal and $1 million favorable versus the prior period.
And again, I would mention that driven a lot on the natural gas side by cooler weather in April, May. That did reverse a bit on us in June. The other thing that I would mention is that as we talked in April, we mentioned quite a bit about weather and snowpack conditions and that, as goes up with, has turned dramatically in Q2 with wet weather in Montana helping our hydro conditions broadly. All that leading to, again, $2 million lower in margin, driven really by the absence of some favorable items in the prior year or 0.9%.
Moving on to the next slide, slide seven, operating expenses. You'll see continuing increased headwinds on the operating side but consistent with our expectations of the guidance that we laid out for 2022, an increase of $2.8 million overall for the quarter. That falls to the bottom line driven by higher insurance costs and higher depreciation, but again, in line with our expectations. Then slide eight gives you the GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation.
Again, I would highlight starting from the left side, working in $29.8 million of net income or $0.54 on a GAAP basis. We're adjusting out favorable weather here of $2.2 million and then also adjusting the penalty that we reported in Q2. The reason I would comment on that that we are adjusting out that penalty is that related to litigation from prior periods and legislation that indeed no longer applies to us. So because this is related to prior periods and the legislation is no longer applicable, we've added that back.
And obviously, our weather adjustment is typical. So that gets us to a non-GAAP net income basis of $30.1 million or $0.54 as compared to the prior period. And again, Q2 of 2021 impacted by weather but certainly by QF liability adjustment there is significant. So after removing those, it's $30.1 million in Q2 of '22 versus $29.2 million in the prior period or a slight improvement on the net income line but offset by dilution at the share line, $0.54 there versus $0.56 that does show improvement.
With that, I would move to slide nine from a cash flow basis. At Q1, we had talked about solid improvement from a cash flow perspective, and that trend has continued into Q2, much of that driven by collecting prior period energy costs, both electric and gas. Think winter storm Uri costs, think about the slowness of flection in our Montana Those are favorable, also driven by favorable revenues and strength at that line as well and also the absence of some refunds that occurred in the prior period here. So we continue to see strong cash flows.
Here, I would also comment that on the backs of some of that in our equity issuance, we were taken off of negative outlook by Moody's during the quarter. So with that, I would lead you to slide 10, and note that, obviously, we noted in our press release and Bob noted is the open that we are reaffirming our guidance based off the performance in the first half of the year in line with our expectations and no changes to the slide as to the items that we expect to impact us in 2022. And with that, I'll turn it over to Brian.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, Crystal. On slide 11, we've shared this slide before in terms of capital investment. First and foremost, over the last five years, we have invested about $1.8 billion or at a 12% CAGR in terms of growth rate over that time period. When we look forward to the next five years, that $1.8 billion increases up to $2.4 billion.
And of that $2.4 billion, two-thirds of that will be in the T&D side of our business. Think grid modernization capacity, those types of things and obviously maintain our existing system. Remaining third is really in the generation space, and of that, half of that is associated with really the Yellowstone County plant. So even though that's a significant investment for us from a percentage of our total capex over the next five years, it's relatively small.
Last thing I'd say on this slide, as Bob pointed out right up front, we're still on track for our capital plan for 2022 of $582 million. We're doing that in spite of the fact we're seeing challenges, of course, from a supply chain perspective. We're seeing increasing prices and certainly longer timelines in terms of materials that we receive but still holding tight in terms of that capital plan and making that happen. Speaking again to the next five years, that $2.4 billion of investment, we expect, as a result of that, we'll see a 4% to 5% annualized rate base growth for the company.
Moving on to slide 12. Really looking forward and because of that significant investment we've made over the last five years, as a matter of fact, going back as far as 2015 on the natural gas side and 2017 on the electric side, as a result of that investment, primarily, we're going to need to file an electric and natural gas rate case in Montana. We expect to file that sometime in August, so obviously, very, very soon here. In addition to the investment that we've made, we're trying to reduce regulatory lag.
And that's certainly important for us is not only trying to earn closer to our authorized rate of return but improve our cash flow to support our credit ratings and enable us to continue to invest and compete for capital. In addition to that, making progress on the 175-megawatt Yellowstone County generating project in Montana. As we've mentioned previously the Bob Glanzer station, think 58-megawatt station in South Dakota, is up and running. The Yellowstone County plant is effectively the same plant, just three times bigger.
And our hopes is to complete that in advance of the '23-'24 winter season. And we've already invested approximately $54 million toward a total investment of $275 million in the plan. Lastly, a big year for us in terms of resource plans. We expect to file here very shortly in the second half our South Dakota resource plan, and then by the end of the year to do the same thing for Montana.
And with that, I'll hand it back over to Bob.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. I never thought of earnings calls as having a cold open but makes it sound almost fun. Well, when Brian became the President and COO, we talked to you about the company's approach to succession. And we've got obviously a deep bench and some extraordinary leaders.
And Brian has been doing a fantastic job for the last year and a half as COO. He spent a lot of time getting out in the field. Our employees, as well as managers know and respect him. You will see the results of that good work as we continue to talk about our plans over the coming months and into next year.
We are a very efficient operation. We're good at execution, and I think we're all extremely excited about what comes ahead. Yesterday, the board accepted my resignation both from the board and as CEO effective at the end of the year. And Brian then will step into the role of CEO.
I'd said all along that one of the measures of my success or failure would be whether or not eventually my successor would come from inside the company. Brian, as you all know, is a good friend of mine, has been a mentor when I started with the company and has been a tremendous leader. And he will be leading, I think, as good an executive senior management team as any in the industry truly. So I'm going to be leaving at the end of the year.
I'm still going to care deeply, deeply about this company. And you all can will still have me to kick around, paraphrasing you-know-who for the rest of the year. And Brian, I guess I'll still have you to kick around for the rest of the year, too. So again, thank you all for your support for the company.
Brian, congratulations, and now we'll do our best to avoid your questions.
Travis Meyer
Thank you for that, Bob. [Operator instructions] We'll give it just a moment to gather some questions. And it looks like we have a few people in the queue already queued up. We will take our first call from the line of Shar Pourreza.
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
There we go. Can you hear me?
Travis Meyer
Sure can, Shar.
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
All right. There you go. Travis, you're a little technological for me.
Travis Meyer
Sorry about that.
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
You, guys, there's been a lot of articles coming out of Talen's bankruptcy proceeding in Houston, which suggests there's now maybe an August 11 deadline for Talen to produce a plan or else the judge would require Talen to commence Colstrip arbitration. Can you maybe shed some color on, one, if what's being kind of written is actually correct about the arbitration being forced? And two, what sense you may have of whether the other parties have displayed an interest in engaging if arbitration was, let's say, forced to begin next month?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
I'll say a couple of things then I know Brian is going to want to speak to this. The Pacific Northwest owners had filed a motion. We filed separately. There's a hearing on the motions on July 12.
We were essentially requesting relief from the state. Talen was ordered to submit a proposal addressing specifically whether the plant will operate or close and for how costs will be -- and how costs will be borne with respect to any of those alternatives, and that will be filed on August 11 and hearing on August 15. So we don't know the specific outcome. Obviously, we would like to be moving toward arbitration.
Beyond that, what I would just say, and it's the reason -- one of the reasons I mentioned the opening slide. This is an incredibly important resource to serve our customers at this time and to maintain grid stability in Billings. I think as you all know, Governor Gianforte is really committed to seeing Colstrip remain open. We want to work with him, want to work with other parties to find good solutions.
So whether it's inside the arbitration or outside the arbitration, we are quite committed to work and arrive at solutions that need what they need to do.
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
Got it. Sorry, go ahead. My fault.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
No problem. I think the other thing I would just say is all parties in Colstrip are unhappy with this uncertainty. Obviously, for utilities to move forward, we need a time period from a planning perspective. And so, not knowing the outcome on Colstrip is difficult on all parties.
And so, there are discussions that are happening. And hopefully, we will resolve this, as Bob says, either within or outside of arbitration at some point in the near future. And so, our job is to continue to provide the service, as Bob pointed out, not just to the Billings area but to our total system. And that that resource continues to be a great resource for us, and we're working extremely hard to make sure it stays in place for some time in the future.
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
Got it. And where does the 21 securitization legislation stand, I guess, in terms of the PSC adopting and kind of formalizing it into rules? So if you were to need it sooner rather than later, let's say for Colstrip, do you expect it would be available?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. We've really -- we've followed the rulemaking. The commission has, in fact, moved ahead with that as you note. But our focus at this point really is on continuing to operate.
And even in terms of meeting our net zero goals, we need that resource available while other resources become cost-effective. Brian?
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
Got it. No, that's all the questions I had. Bob, Brian, seriously, congrats on phase two. And Bob, I just had a real important question for you is do you think Brian is actually going to start buying the beers now that he's been promoted?
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
That would be a hard no.
Travis Meyer
Thanks a lot, Shar. We'll take our next call from Ryan Greenwald at Bank of America. Brian, your line should be open.
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Hey. Can you hear me now?
Travis Meyer
Yes.
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Bob, Brian, warm congratulations to both of you.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thank you.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, sir.
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
I appreciate all the updates here. As we think about the upcoming August filings, how should we kind of think about the magnitude of the revenue asks that we should be expecting?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Crystal.
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Ryan, I think we might have even talked about this one before. And obviously, we can't give too much information until we do file and then we'll have lots to talk about. But we have a slide in the appendix that gives you a view on rate base. I think it's 39, I'm being given, that shows you a bit of where we ended the year.
It is an electric and natural gas filing. So the thing I would say is we have a lot of investment that's serving customers that we need to go in and earn on.
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Got you. I mean, it seems like a pretty complex filing overall. Any initial thoughts on what could be more contentious based on initial conversations with staff and the commission ahead of the filing?
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I would just say we've been having, I think, very productive conversations with both staff and the commission. They obviously know we plan to file. One of the things that we talked about last year was the PCCAM and where market prices that went there. So they've already seen, I'll call it, a preview of that filing since we filed it last year.
So that will be a piece to the rate case so they know and expect that. They obviously know the amount of investment we've been putting into the system. And we make annual filings with the MPSC where they see details of some of those things as well. So when you say what do you think will be contentious, I just think to your point, there's a lot of things in there.
We've been out since 2015 on the gas side, 2017 on the electric side. And regulation is complicated, but I think lots of things in there for the commission has asked to review and take hold up. But as a basis, it's just coming in and asking for recovery of our costs and what really is already serving customers. So hopefully, we'll work our way through it.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
I would unpack it in three ways. First, the flow-through costs, particularly supply costs, those presumably could have been handled separately. But that's significant, should be quite straightforward. Second piece, just exactly as Crystal mentioned, bringing forward rate base.
There's a significant gap between what we've invested that is reflected in rate base and our actual rate base on both the gas and the electric side. That's primarily just basic infrastructure to serve our Montana customers. That's extremely important. And that just has all the elements of a rate case.
The third bucket would be some policy proposals that I think just better align how regulation would be done in Montana with the ability to make those investments. And there's nothing you will see there that is really out of the mainstream in terms of what many, many other states are doing. Last comment is the team that is working on the case is just exceptionally professional. So it's going to be a very high-quality filing with contributions from folks all across the company.
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Great. Appreciate that. And then, maybe just lastly with respect to the outstanding litigation around the air quality permit. Can you talk a bit about your confidence there in reaching a constructive outcome and potential scenarios if things don't really go your way?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. It's too early to say what the outcome actually will be. But the question goes to litigation in a state district court in Billings challenging the DEQ's granting a permit and arguing that climate effects ought to have been -- in fact, climate effects outside the borders of the state of Montana ought to have been considered in the Department of Environmental qualities process. So parties are going to be making their post-hearing filings this Friday.
Obviously, we will, and then we'll see what the judge does. If the case is remanded, the department will have to follow whatever instructions the court provides or review and appeal. The interesting thing is this is litigation brought under a provision of the Montana constitution that provides both a right to a clean and helpful environment. And we certainly, in our environmental programs, I think, are a big part of that stewardship.
But in the same sentence, also ensures the right to pursue your living and livelihood, I'm paraphrasing. And you can't really have one without the other. So the consequences of an adverse district court decision here would be really pretty profound on the Montana economy overall, not just on one facility located in Billings -- located near Billings.
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Great. I will leave it there. Thank you again. And Bob, Brian, congratulations again to both of you.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Ryan.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, Ryan.
Travis Meyer
While it's not a full-fledged Elvis sighting, we do have an Ellinghaus sighting. Chris Ellinghaus from Siebert Williams Shank has the next question.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
It's Chris who taught Elvis' move, I'm sure.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
I beg your pardon. Congratulations, Bob and Brian. We'll really be sorry to see you go, Bob.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
Mostly because Brian's coming. Can you give us a little bit of color on what you're seeing on regional capacity issues?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
A couple of comments. It continues to be an extremely challenging market, and I'm answering more in terms of the West, although in SPP, there are some pretty big concerns too. Yes, it's a challenging tight market, and our customers are more, as you know, more exposed than any. And that will be reflected, among other things, in the supply costs that we put in front of the commission as part of the PCCAM.
But at the same time, there's an awful lot of very good work being done on regional market approaches. The board spent quite a lot of time this morning talking about the imbalance market and the day-ahead market, what's happening with CISO, what's happening with the Western Power Pool. So there's a lot of work being done. We're participating in that long term.
I think there are some good outcomes there. But the near term is still pretty hairy for us. So we've already talked on this call about the Yellowstone County Plant and talked about Colstrip. We need those resources.
We need other resources on a contract basis until we're through the next Montana supply plan and moving on to implementation there. So near term, what I would say -- the last thing I would say is that the warnings that we and others have been sounding for a number of years, we're right on target. I wish we were several years ahead of where we are in closing that gap. Brian, do you have anything to add?
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Yes, Bob, thanks. I would add, I think within the state, we've demonstrated on a slide for you our ability to help close that capacity gap on the supply side. But everything has to kind of happen with that -- within that slide to be helpful to us. And by the way, a lot of that are short-term measures.
And so, on a long-term basis, we still have a sufficient gap that we need to close on the supply side. And obviously, traction on our existing projects and that is slide 37, by the way. The traction on our existing projects certainly makes sense. But we're going to need to make more investment within the state to control our needs, if you will, from a supply perspective.
And Bob's primarily chatting about the supply side. In addition to that, we have capacity constraints on both the gas and electric transmission side of our business. And we certainly have upward pressure on investment needed there to address that. Montana continues to grow, and as it continues to grow, it is eating into our capacity associated with both electric and gas transmission.
And so, we're going to have to help Montana grow by being able to provide sufficient capacity going forward. So there's investment needed there as well.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
And then if you turn over to South Dakota, partly just as an example, the Bob Glanzer station is being called on quite actively by SPP. That's to the benefit of our customers. So as you move into a market and take advantage of a market, you need to have resources to be able to do that. The other notable thing in SPP is they have raised their reserve requirement to 15%.
Brian, what's our reserve in Montana?
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Well, it was at minus 46% at one point in time. And obviously, we closed that in a short-term basis, but we still have a lot of work to do to climb out from that negative reserve margin perspective.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
Yes. Bob, I wanted to ask you. Is Glanzer being dispatched more or less or sort of on your expectations at this point?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
I'd say on or possibly even more but certainly on.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
I would -- actually, Bob, I would say a bit more. I mean, I know we knew it would be drawn upon but how much is a little bit higher than we expected right on the box.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
OK, great. Crystal, you mentioned hydro conditions. Can you give us a little bit more color on how the precipitations affected you recently?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
I'll jump in on that actually since I was on site when the river was cresting. We had three to four feet of -- here's a good example, three to four feet of snow fell at Big Sky after the lifts closed in April. That turned into too much of a good thing. So we went from being quite concerned about snowpack at one point in the year to being full pond all up and down the Missouri River.
So you do have a slide in the appendix that shows both weather and hydro conditions. That's lots of blue across the basins. You've heard us say this before, but one of the things we like is that we pay attention to snowpack in three basins. And you can see some real variation in snowpack from basin to basin.
And that's a little bit of risk mitigation just built into the Montana hydro system.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
OK, great. One last question. Crystal --
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
I'd just add from hydro condition basis, obviously, going back to full pool from a hydro perspective, I think the capacity is provided by hydro this year should be better than we certainly saw last year. So that's helpful to us. And secondly, Montana was in sufficient drought conditions throughout the state. The first quarter when you looked at maps for Montana, that's changed dramatically.
And though we still expect to have a fire season, of course, in Montana, but we're feeling in a much better position this year than we were at this time last year.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
OK, great. Crystal, a question about the adjustments for the quarter. What's your thought process about not excluding the QF year over year?
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Certainly, Chris. And I think the key piece of that is that QF liability is the gift that keeps on giving but there's different pieces of that. So there's a couple of pieces to that which is each year, we have an adjustment to the actual. So obviously, the model has an expectation so you have actual output in pricing.
So that's something that we leave in each year.
Travis Meyer
Chris, can I just interrupt quickly? Slide 25, Chris, maybe is something to look at in the appendix as Crystal's talking about this.
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Travis has done a nice graphic for you to show you exactly when we've adjusted it out, when we've left it in and what the pieces are. So the first piece is you have your annual adjustment for that piece of it. And then, there's also a piece that we adjust the expectation of the model to future escalation for variability in pricing there.
And then, the third piece, which is what we adjusted out last year was an adjustment to the end of a contract term. So we have left in the first two pieces that I just referred to on an annual period. We do typically adjust those during the second quarter. The adjustment last year, which was unique in a sense of when the contract term ended for one of the contracts within the model, we did adjust out as a non-GAAP item.
So we try to be thoughtful about that. I think also if you go back in time, we had previously adjusted that periodically so you wouldn't have seen adjustment from us on an annual basis. Once we went to that, we've kind of left those numbers in a less than bell curve.
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
OK, very clear. All right. Thank you very much. Appreciate it, guys.
Congratulations. Thank you.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Chris.
Travis Meyer
Your next call from Sophie Karp at KeyBanc.
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hello. Can you guys hear me?
Travis Meyer
We can hear you, Sophie.
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Rob and Brian, congratulations to both of you and Bob, you will be missed, for sure.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you very much.
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
You're not that off the hook yet, right? You're still around for the rest of the year. So my question is about the inflation bill, I guess, they report it now, which is the energy bill effectively, right? It appears -- I'm not sure how much you guys have dug into it yet, but it appears that it makes the carve-out for an extra tax credit for some of the properties located in what they define as energy community, which appears that for a coal side would qualify for that, right? And that's just me using it. I wonder if you have given us the read on how you think about that as it might apply to Colstrip, and if that would affect your thinking about your position here in any way.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
We're actually looking forward to doing that. You're right, there are brownfield-related provisions. We've set up internally with the Infrastructure Bill a pretty good process of identifying where we should focus, how we'll gather information, whether or not we might participate. My expectation is because those folks are already up and running and doing a great job, we would just fold this bill when and if it passes into that process.
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
All right. And you could maybe discuss a little bit. You were joining the Western market exposure group. I understand that you're doing that.
How do you see the group evolving over time and your role there?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Well, there are a number of different organizations active in the West. In fact, you can fill up a slide. I think we did fill up a slide identifying all of those. So there's with the imbalance market, the head market.
The other important initiative that we've been talking about all along is what had been the Northwest Power Pool now is the Western Power Pool. They are leading the resource adequacy effort. We think that's incredibly important for multiple reasons in terms of understanding what resources exist in the region, evaluating them with a common set of metrics and then identifying strategies. So those are two major efforts.
In addition to that, Southwest Power Pool, which is a contractor effectively for the Western Power Pool, also has its market initiatives. And there are a couple of other groups who are having conversations around what would a governance structure look like, how should we be thinking about transmission in the West. We're a pretty small shop on the far eastern edge of the Western Interconnect but we're participating in as many of those as we can and we're contributing. What I would say is that the West has not been successful and every government has not been successful imposing a top-down market structure.
Where we have been successful is very collaboratively working with one another on specific strategies that are in all of our interest. And that -- I think that's the spirit in which so much work is getting done.
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Do you think we're going to see a Western RTO in a lifetime or is that a bridge too far?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Well, if you're in a transmission plant or you might ask the line -- is the line I'm working on going to get built in my lifetime? And there's a lot of hard work to be done there. I don't know if it will be a full formal RTO, but I absolutely do believe that the Western market is going to continue to evolve and get more organized. So that might -- you might have to break that down into pieces. Will it be entirely Westwide? Will it be North on the one hand, South on the other, coastal and interior? But the good news is people are talking and working together, and there really is a good culture in the West and the Northwest of working together to get things done that makes sense for your system and for your customers.
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thank you so much.
Travis Meyer
Thanks, Sophie. We'll take our next call from Anthony Crowdell at Mizuho.
Anthony Crowdell -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst
Hey, good afternoon. Congratulations, Brian. Congratulations, Bob.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, Anthony.
Anthony Crowdell -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst
I just had two questions. One of them is on the pending rate filing or the rate filing in August and I'm not trying to run the filings so I understand if you don't want to answer the question. But if I just think about some of the, I don't know if policy is the right word but maybe some of the mechanisms that would like change, potential for decoupling, maybe PCCAM, the Yellowstone plant under construction right now and maybe testing some known and measurable and a rate proceeding. Just your thoughts on you approaching this rate filing by maybe trying to fix one or all of those issues? Or like how are you thinking about this rate filing?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
I'll just say that was a pretty good list you laid out. Crystal, anything you want to add to that?
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think Bob is an expert in answering these questions. But I think you laid out a decent summary of all the things we're thinking about in approaching case in mind.
Anthony Crowdell -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst
I guess, if I can take another crack at it then, is the thought of maybe doing one each filing, if you're going to have a filing this year, maybe a filing next year for Yellowstone or the company's still thinking about do you do that list in this one filing?
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Well, our filing will include a set of proposals to modernize and we think make more efficient the overall regulatory system. Then we just have to see what parties and what the commission ultimately do with that. So we really won't even know their initial views until we start to see discovery. And then, we are going to be very interested, as we always are, in having discussions with the parties to see -- to answer questions to see where we can agree to narrow disagreements, things like that.
But that's just a standard part of the process.
Anthony Crowdell -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst
Great. And then, just lastly, on Yellowstone. I know you had it on the slide but I forgot the amount the number expenditures so far year-to-date. How are you earning on that right now? Are you booking at as noncash AFUDC?
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Right. Noncash AFUDC is correct.
Anthony Crowdell -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst
Great. Congratulations and looking forward to the invite for the going-away party.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, Anthony.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Maybe Brian will buy that round. We'll see.
Travis Meyer
And with that, we've exhausted our queue, so I'll hand it back to you, Bob.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
I guess we've exhausted the analysts. Well, again, thank you for your support, and we really do look forward to visiting again in October and at various conferences. And don't let Brian get out of the bar and escape.
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, everybody.
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Take care.
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Travis Meyer
Bob Rowe -- Chief Executive Officer
Crystal Lail -- Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Brian Bird -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Shar Pourreza -- Guggenheim Partners
Ryan Greenwald -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Chris Ellinghaus -- Siebert Williams -- Analyst
Sophie Karp -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Anthony Crowdell -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst
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