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Hawaiian(NASDAQ: HA)
Q4 2023 Earnings Call
Jan 30, 2024, 4:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Greetings. Welcome to the Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. fourth quarter and full year 2023 financial results call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode.
A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator instructions] I will now turn the conference over to your host, Marcy Morita. You may begin.
Marcy Morita -- Managing Director, Investor Relations
Thank you, Jamali. Hello, everyone, and welcome to Hawaiian Holdings' fourth quarter and full year 2023 results conference call. Here with me in Honolulu are Peter Ingram, president and chief executive officer; Brent Overbeek, chief revenue officer; and Shannon Okinaka, chief financial officer. We also have several other members of our management team in attendance for the Q&A.
Peter will provide an overview of our performance. Brent will discuss revenue, and Shannon will discuss costs and the balance sheet. At the end of the prepared remarks, we'll open the call up for questions. By now, everyone should have access to the press release that went out at about 4:00 Eastern Time today.
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If you have not received the release, it is available on the Investor Relations page of our website, hawaiianairlines.com. During our call today, we'll refer at times to adjusted or non-GAAP numbers and metrics. A detailed reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP numbers and metrics can be found at the end of today's press release posted on the Investor Relations page of our website. As a reminder, the following prepared remarks contain forward-looking statements, including statements about our future plans and potential future financial and operating performance.
Management may also make additional forward-looking statements in response to your questions. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and do not guarantee future performance, and therefore, undue reliance should not be placed upon them. We refer you to Hawaiian Holdings' recent filings with the SEC for a more detailed discussion of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements. These include the most recent annual report filed on Form 10-K as well as subsequent reports filed on Forms 10-Q and 8-K.
I will now turn the call over to Peter.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Mahalo, Marcy. Aloha, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. While 2023 certainly had its challenges, we accomplished an extraordinary amount, including the realization of foundational investments in the business. I want to give a big mahalo to all our team members.
Through their dedication, compassion, and hard work, we continue to deliver to our guests the hospitality that is the hallmark of our brand. We wrapped up the year with FAA approval of Starlink on the A321 and are kicking off 2024 by taking delivery of our first 787 in the next few days. I'll talk more about each of these milestones in a few moments. Before that, I want to touch on the merger announced at the end of the year.
We've provided exhaustive detail on this topic in public filings, so we're not going to dwell on it on this call. On December 3rd, we announced that we'll be joining Alaska Airlines in a new kind of combination for the U.S. industry, becoming a single airline with two distinct brands. We are confident that this combination is the best way to help us meet the needs of Hawaii and the other communities we serve.
We strongly believe that this merger is pro-consumer and pro-competitive. Over the next several months, as we proceed through the regulatory review process, we're staying focused on the task at hand: running an outstanding airline and advancing our priorities, which are delivering industry-leading operational performance and enhancing the guest experience; fully integrating recent investments into our business; focusing on long-term financial sustainability; and taking care of the people and places we serve. We have immense confidence that we can compete on our own, but the acquisition by Alaska is an even better outcome for consumers, employees, and the communities of our home state of Hawaii. I'll go over a few highlights of our 2023 results and 2024 outlook, on which Brent and Shannon will expand in more detail.
On last quarter's call, we spoke extensively about the impact of the Maui wildfires. In spite of this tragic event and the ensuing reduction in travel to Maui, our total revenue for 2023 was up year over year due to the strength in our non-Maui domestic markets and the continuing recovery of international travel to Hawaii. The return of visitors to Maui remained steady and consistent with our expectations, which is important. Maui is not only our second largest hub, but it is home to many of our employees, and we remain committed to supporting the island and its residents in the ongoing recovery.
On the U.S. mainland to Hawaii network, revenue performance from our non-Maui routes remained solid. Our international markets ex-Japan continued to perform well in spite of unfavorable exchange rates for visitors to the U.S. In particular, our flight to Incheon has been producing strong results.
Japan traffic is improving, albeit more gradually than we would like. As we mentioned on our last call, there's been a snapback of industry capacity in the Japan-Hawaii market as slot usage requirements were reinstated, and that has taken load factors off the highs recorded in August. On the neighbor island front, we continue to see overwhelming consumer preference for our brand over southwest, as indicated by our substantially higher load factor and RASM. We faced a number of challenges outside of our control in 2023 that affected our on-time performance, which we know is incredibly important to our guests.
With many of those issues, like the Honolulu runway closure, now behind us, we're focusing on getting back to our traditional place as the industry's on-time performance later. I'm proud that we were back at No. 1 for on-time performance for July, August, and September and ended the year at 83.5% for the busy month of December. Although we're not immune to additional challenges, we're moving into a period of relative stability.
This includes A321neo engine supply, which we expect to improve by the middle of the second quarter, when we get back engines that have been undergoing overhaul. This adds to my confidence that we are going to be able to consistently provide the high standard of operational performance that our guests expect. As we kick off 2024, we're delivering on several very important initiatives and integrating them into everyday practice. We're deploying technology enhancements for our guests using the capabilities of our new Amadeus PSS.
We received FAA approval of the Starlink system on the A321 in December and are working with SpaceX to complete the installation across our A321 fleet. The industry's best Wi-Fi connectivity will be available for our guests very soon. Our plan is to finish deployment across the A321 fleet by early in 2Q, and work is also underway to prepare for the expansion of this service to our A330s. And we're excited about receiving our first 787, which is scheduled for delivery in a few days.
In about three months, we'll be welcoming guests aboard this aircraft with the operation of our first commercial 787 flight. We faced enormous external pressure in 2023 with Honolulu runway closures, Pratt & Whitney engine inspections, the Maui wildfires, intense competition in our core markets and, through it all, accomplished a lot. Our employees remain focused on caring for our guests and representing our brand as only they can with authentic hospitality and aloha. What we have not done yet is return to consistent profitability, and we will not be satisfied until we accomplish this goal as well.
I'm confident that 2024 will be a year of further progress toward sustained profitability as the significant investments we've made in the business begin to deliver results. We will mark an important anniversary this year, celebrating 95 years of continuous service as Hawaii's airline. We are confident in the core strength of our brand and business model. I believe that our investments will make us an even stronger airline.
Let me now turn it over to Brent to go over our commercial performance and outlook in more detail.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Thank you, Peter. Aloha, everyone. In the fourth quarter, system RASM was in line with our guidance but down approximately 11% year over year due to a slowdown in the pace of recovery of Japan outbound traffic, a softer fare environment for travel to Hawaii, and an increase in our longer-haul flying. Headwinds from the Maui wildfires and the challenging comparison period as we lapped 2022's high watermark for spoilage and cargo activity were also factors.
As a consequence of these factors, total revenue for the quarter was down approximately 8% compared to the same period in 2022 on 3% more capacity. As we shared on the third-quarter results call, immediately after the fires, demand and fares to Maui declined sharply, resulting in overall degradation of RASM. Since then, we've seen sequential improvement in Maui as the fourth quarter progressed. And looking at U.S.
Mainland to Maui flights, our October average fare was approximately $60 lower than the prior period -- the prior year with load factor eight points lower. By December, the average fare gap had narrowed to approximately $30, and the load factor gap was four points. The impact of softness in Maui travel demand drove fourth-quarter North America PRASM to a year-over-year decline of 16%. While a bit dated, the last relatively clean quarter we had on a year-over-year perspective was the second quarter of 2023, when year-over-year North America PRASM was down about 2.5%.
On our neighbor island routes, we continue to compete and win. We saw average fare improve progressively year over year throughout the quarter as we lap a period in 2022 when $39 fares were available on Southwest up to the last seat availability. In December, our average fare from the neighbor island entity reached $60, the highest in 16 months. We've maintained our significant lead over Southwest in load factor and PRASM.
The most recent DOT statistics for the third quarter show us at a 74% load factor and a 28.5 cent PRASM compared to 47% load factor and 13.1 cent PRASM for Southwest. These results continue to demonstrate that we are the interisland carrier of choice. On last quarter's call, we mentioned that industry capacity for Japan would return to its highest point yet compared to 2019. Japan fourth-quarter industry capacity was just over 90% of 2019 levels, up from about 70% in in the third quarter.
Japan point-of-sale bookings finished 2023 at around 50% of 2019 levels, and we're expecting a modest pace of demand recovery in the short term given the weakness of the yen and the compounding effect of Hawaii lodging inflation. Strength in the U.S. and other points of sale, including connections beyond Japan, have helped offset the slower return of Japan point-of-sale traffic, but load factors have declined from the third quarter with the sharp increase in industry capacity. Japanese consumers retain an enduring interest in travel to Hawaii, and we are seeing steady improvement.
But the dual effect of the weaker yen and dramatic inflation in the cost of Hawaii hotels means that we expect the return of Japanese travelers to be gradual at least until one of those headwinds changes. Last week, we notified the Department of Transportation that we are returning the route authority and slot for a midnight operation that serves Haneda to Honolulu four times a week and Kona three times a week. While we are bullish long term on Japan to Hawaii given the short- to medium-term challenges impacting the market, we have elected to reduce our Tokyo to Hawaii footprint back to 18 to 21 trips a week based on seasonality. We remain committed to serving demand for Japanese travel to the Big Island through our Honolulu hub using the robust connectivity available on our neighbor island flights.
We're still confident in the full recovery in Japan, and we'll deploy our assets to address demand in this market as the recovery develops. In our international network outside of Japan, we continue to see strong performance in Korea with the diverse mix of traffic on that route. Sydney demand remains strong but lagged the year-over-year performance in the fourth quarter due to additional industry capacity between North America and Australia and a tough comp against the pent-up return of Australia travel demand in the fourth quarter of 2022. Although fares are down year over year, they're still well ahead of 2019, indicating better high-yielding demand from that market.
Looking ahead to the first quarter of 2024, we anticipate continuing improvements in Maui and are confident that demand will continue to recover as we progress throughout the year. We believe the worst is behind us for the North American to Maui market with load factors and average fares progressing toward historical norms. Relative to the fourth quarter year-over-year comps, the first quarter will benefit from a more favorable comparable period as we no longer have headwinds from the pandemic-related cargo comps and uncharacteristically high-ticket spoilage. We anticipate improvement in Maui as well as our Japan market, and we see a modest recovery of Japan point-of-sale demand, though unlikely to keep pace with the industry capacity increases.
While we expect continued year-over-year improvement in the first quarter in 2024 in international PRASM, this will be the last quarter with historically low Japan RASM performance on a year-over-year basis. For the network as a whole, we expect RASM to be flat for the first quarter year over year on capacity growth of about 4%. This reflects moving past the challenging 2022 comparison period and illustrates an improved operating environment with steady recoveries in our Maui and Japan markets, which we anticipate will continue to progress over time. We have a lot to look forward to in 2024 with the headwinds from A321 engine issues receding after the first quarter, the introduction of the 787 into passenger service, and steady improvement in the Maui recovery and progress in our neighbor island performance as well.
And with that, I'll turn the call over to Shannon.
Shannon Okinaka -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks Brent. Aloha, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We finished the fourth quarter with an adjusted EBITDA loss of $98 million and an adjusted loss of $2.37 per share. Full year 2023 resulted in an adjusted EBITDA loss of $169 million and adjusted loss of $6.08 per share.
Unit costs, excluding fuel, nonrecurring costs, and direct merger costs, came in as anticipated. While these fourth-quarter and full-year results are in line with the guidance we provided, we're disappointed that we have yet to achieve profitability since the pandemic. Our results were significantly affected by factors outside of our control such as the A321neo groundings due to engine issues, the impact of the Maui wildfires, and the slower recovery of Japan. We believe that as we move past those factors, our strong business model paves a path to return to profitability.
The investments we have made and are continuing to make will begin providing financial benefits this year with a more profound impact in 2025. We continue to mean a strong liquidity position of $1.1 billion, which includes a $235 million undrawn revolver. We expect to close financing concurrently with our first 787 delivery and are in the process of securing financing for the second 787, which will position our liquidity well as we continue to invest in our business and prepare to address the maturity of our $1.2 billion loyalty bond in early 2026. Over the next few quarters, we will be ramping up our 787 fleet and flying more A330 freighters.
Our 2024 capex, including aircraft and non-aircraft spend, is expected to be in the range of $500 million to $550 million and is primarily comprised of three 787 scheduled for delivery this year and PDPs related to future deliveries. Moving to costs, the general themes for 2024 are consistent with 2023. We'll continue to see elevated levels of pilot training as we prepare for our fleet growth. While productivity will be challenged in the first quarter and aircraft delivery delays, both 787s and freighter aircraft, have slowed our recovery, we will be on the road to normalization in this regard by the end of this year.
We also face headwinds from higher airport and labor rates. However, we expect the benefits from our investments to also ramp up throughout the year as we begin our 787 and Amazon flying in earnest and benefit from changes in the new pilot CBA. For the full year, we expect our CASM ex to be up about 1% from the prior year, with about one percentage point resulting from direct Amazon costs that do not generate ASMs. Our year-over-year CASM change reflects the ramp-up of our capacity and starts off larger in the first quarter and improves throughout the year.
We expect our first quarter unit costs, excluding fuel and special items, to be about 9% higher than the same period in 2023. In addition to labor and benefits, which account for about four points of the increase, a heavier maintenance schedule, airport rate increases, and Amazon each add about one point of increase. We have been deliberately investing to make us a more profitable, resilient company and have the strong balance sheet and financial resources to benefit from those investments over time. With that, we will open the call for Q&A.
We're happy to address any questions you have about our ongoing strategy, performance, and the outlook for 2024, but I'd like to remind everyone that we remain in our proxy solicitation period. So, all of the information we can share related to the Alaska merger is captured in our definitive proxy filing of January 9th. If you have questions about the merger, we're likely to refer you back to that document. Operator, please open the line for questions.
Questions & Answers:
Operator
Thank you. At this time, we will be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] We also ask those that are in queue for Q&A to only ask one question and one follow-up to allow others in the queue ample enough time to ask a question. Our first question comes from the line of Conor Cunningham with Melius Research.
Please proceed with your question.
Conor Cunningham -- Melius Research -- Analyst
Hi, everyone. Thank you. Just on the Haneda slot decision, can you just provide some additional context there? I think you mentioned that you still expect a full recovery, but if you don't see a steady improvement over the next couple of years, is there another adjustment that needs to be made to that network if things don't materially improve from here? Thank you.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Conor. Let me start on this then see if Brent has anything he wants to add. You know, I'll just put it in context. We talked a lot in the last call about the slot restrictions going away, capacity coming back into the market.
Japan has been recovering, but it's been very gradual. And right now, the supply demand situation is a little out of balance, and we don't see an immediate snapback in that despite the enduring strong affinity that the folks in Japan have for Hawaii. And in particular, you know, one of the things that's been bolstering some of the Japan flying has been really strong demand from U.S. point of sale and from other international points of sale.
But unfortunately, this particular frequency, the midnight flight out of Haneda that we fly to Kona three times a week, Honolulu four times a week, it doesn't benefit from that connectivity. There's really no connectivity from U.S. points of sale on the Kona flight. And as we looked at it, we thought this one was really a unique situation that we just don't see it returning as strongly enough.
Brent also mentioned the hotel inflation, which compounds the depreciation of the yen versus the dollar. That is most striking in Kona, where we've seen hotel rates now versus 2019 that are up something on the order of 70% from what they were. So, it's over 120% more expensive for someone spending yen to stay in a hotel in Hawaii Island than it was four or five years ago. And, you know, all of that just made us feel that this was the prudent decision at the time, but we really don't see this as the harbinger of other adjustments in Japan.
We're very committed to the Japan franchise. Our other Haneda flying is performing better. Our Narita route is performing better. And we're going to be planning to stay the course on the rest of our Japan network at this time.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Yeah. I think the only thing I would add, Conor, is if you recall, we were also awarded an additional Haneda frequency that we never really got to operate right before the pandemic. So, our overall kind of footprint in Tokyo is pretty close to what we had pre pandemic as opposed to adding a fourth daily Tokyo flight. So, you know, disappointing to have to make that decision, but it was the right thing to do, and given what was going on in the market, it felt a little difficult to be growing into it with the slower pace of Japan recovery.
Conor Cunningham -- Melius Research -- Analyst
OK. That's really helpful. And then maybe just as like a true follow-up. On the capacity outlook, you know, as you mentioned, it talks about accelerating throughout the year.
Can you just walk through the moving parts? Does the GTF flip from a headwind to a tailwind in 2Q? And then if you could provide any breakdown between international and domestic, I think most of your growth is domestic, but just any thoughts there could be helpful. Thank you.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Yeah. I don't have 2Q specifically for the GTF. It's probably more neutral to a bit of a tailwind in capacity growth in 2Q. And certainly, by the time we get out to the back half of the year, it will be a tailwind.
787s obviously are a source of growth, and if you think about it geographically, as you point out, it's disproportionately in North America, albeit we've got a little bit of it in the front part of the year as we lap some of the Japan, particularly in 1Q. But as we get out of that -- out of 1Q and 2Q, that will become a bit flatter on a year-over-year basis.
Conor Cunningham -- Melius Research -- Analyst
OK, helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Catherine O'Brien with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
Catherine O'Brien -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Good afternoon, everyone. Thanks so much for the time. I just wanted to dig in a little bit more on the interisland. Nice to hear about the progress there in the average fare.
Just was wondering, you know, how has that $60 average fare in December trended into the first quarter? You know, I realize a good portion of these bookings are close in, but just from what you've seen so far. And then what is the breakeven fare for interisland network? Thanks.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
We've continued to see good progress as we moved into the first quarter, and there wasn't any kind of real unique seasonality around that. And so, we're encouraged that as we move through the first quarter, we'll continue to see improvements in average fare that are kind of consistent with what we saw toward December there. In terms of a breakeven amount, you know, we're not going to disclose that. At this point, I think we're -- like I said, we're encouraged with our relative performance, and we'll continue to strive to get the entity back and improve its contribution to our overall performance as we strive to get back to network profitability.
Catherine O'Brien -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Got it. It was worth a shot. And then one for you, Shannon. You mentioned financing for the first 787 delivery was closed concurrently with the delivery of that aircraft.
Can you share what you decided on? I think last call, you were talking about maybe, you know, yen dominated that, maybe sells back. And does the proposed acquisition by Alaska impact what options you're looking at all for financing, or these are all going to be stand-alone decisions until the merger is closed? Thanks so much.
Shannon Okinaka -- Chief Financial Officer
Hi. Thanks, Katie. Yeah, this first one is in -- will be in the form of a finance lease, which is closer to debt finance than -- it's not in, you know, operating lease, and you know, we can make -- we can largely make our own decisions on financing. We have some consultation requirements with Alaska as we go through each financing.
But largely, we're kind of free to do this as we would normally do it. And so, we are pretty close on the second, not final. So, I can't make any announcements about that one today, but just generally looking at market conditions, same as we were last year.
Catherine O'Brien -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Understood. Thanks so much.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Mike Linenberg with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your question.
Mike Linenberg -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Yeah. This is maybe a question to Shannon and Peter. Just on the Amazon business, what are we, one airplane now or maybe it's two? Can you just talk about the pacing and at what point does that business become a contribution to the P&L? Is that a 2025 event? Is that back half of 2024? Any additional color on how that business is rolling up? Thanks.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks for that, Mike. We are operating one aircraft currently, and our team did a really stellar job, albeit with a very small operation. But with only a single airplane to execute it, we've had really outstanding operational performance.
And I think the Amazon team is pleased with how that airplane is integrating into their fleet. The plan as it stands right now is for us to ramp up to about six airplanes in operation over the course of this year, which is a little bit slower than what had initially been contemplated. And that is not a product of our desire or our customers' desire but more a product of the pace at which those airplanes are available from the conversion line. And given that, you know, as Shannon, I think, alluded to, we see the benefits of that investment ramping up over the course of the year.
Where it should be a positive contributor will be at the tail end of this year or into next year is where we would anticipate that at this point.
Mike Linenberg -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
OK, great. That's helpful. And then my second question just to Brent on interisland, we have seen a pretty meaningful increase in average fares, and you talked about that. With that increase, did we see any sort of meaningful falloff in demand, or was the market just mispriced a year ago, and I guess the consumer got an unsustainably good benefit?
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
I would say load factors have held up really well, and if we're seeing any kind of impact on load factor, it's minimal. And certainly, these changes have been kind of revenue positive, particularly if you look at kind of the elasticity closer into departure. These have not been accretive to unit revenue.
Mike Linenberg -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mike.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Helane Becker with TD Cowen. Please proceed with your question.
Helane Becker -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Thanks very much. Hi, team. So, I have a question about the GTF issue. I'm hearing that that 250 to 300 a day on the ground to get the engines repaired is starting to extend to over 400 days.
And I'm wondering if you've heard something similar or if you are in a better position to get the aircraft out sooner, especially given your answer to Conor's question about, you know, second half seeing improvement.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Helane, I'm not aware of an expansion at this point in the overall span of shop visits. But I would point out that whenever you hear those numbers, you have to put it in the context of it's a range. And it really is a function when the engine comes off wing and goes into the overhaul shop of the scope of work that is required in there.
I think in terms of the volume of engines that have to go through, there probably is a greater waiting time before they actually get onto the shop floor and get operated on. And I think that's factored into the expectations. From our specific situation, you know, if you recall, even before the powder metal issue became the subject of the day last July, we had had a number of removals for other reasons. And so, we've had a number of engines that have already been in the overhaul process, and part of what is helping our outlook on a relative basis in the next little while is that some of those engines start to come out of the overhaul shop that have been in there since the, you know, early part of last year, before we even got into having removals for the powder metal inspection.
So, it's a moving picture, and there's still uncertainty in a number of things. You know, one of the things we have to factor into our forecast is unexpected engine removals, and they're always hard to forecast by the nature of being unexpected. But we feel relatively better about where we are right now. We're working closely with Pratt & Whitney to keep our finger on the pulse of that and make sure that, you know, whatever expectations we have can be built into our schedule.
So, we're giving a reliable aircraft availability forecast to Brent before his team goes and lays out the network plan going forward.
Helane Becker -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Got it. That's really helpful. Thank you. And then I have two other questions.
They're really short. One is, can you say, as you're talking about financing the 787s, what your cost of capital is? And the other question is, can you talk a little bit about how you're thinking of or if you've seen in the forward schedules any sign that Southwest is pulling some of the interisland capacity out and kind of rerouting those aircraft to red-eyes back to the U.S.?
Shannon Okinaka -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Helane, I think at this point yet, we're not completely done with the financing. It'll be concurrent with the delivery. So, I can probably provide you more information when we're -- when it's all final on the exact cost of capital.
Helane Becker -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
OK. That's fair.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
In terms of competitive schedules, we haven't seen any recent activity in terms of neighbor island or conversion from daytime flying to red-eye flying.
Helane Becker -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
OK. All right. Well, we'll look for it. All right.
Thanks, team. Thanks for your help.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Helane.
Helane Becker -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Of course.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Dan McKenzie with Seaport Global. Please proceed with your question.
Dan McKenzie -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst
Hey, thanks. Peter, going back to the script about the commentary around the number of pilots undergoing training and the GTF issues, what efficiency metrics are you focused on? And I guess where are you at today? Where do you want those metrics to be in 2025? And I guess, you know, what I'm really trying to get at here is the embedded inefficiency that's in the cost structure today that eventually goes away next year, so 2024 going to the -- I think the messaging that this is really a transition year that should give way to a much better 2025.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. In terms of efficiency metrics, you know, there's obviously a wide variety of things that we look at, you know, in terms of aircraft utilization in terms of -- you know, for crews, in particular. You mentioned pilots. We really focus on the number of productive block hours relative to the hours we pay for.
And of course, training is a big part of that because, well, it is essential, and we certainly have to do it. Every time we bring a new pilot on or we shift someone to a new fleet or seat, it's not producing block hours that generate ASMs that generate revenue. So, we're in a position this year -- over the last couple of years, we've had an incredible amount of training, and I think this has been a theme throughout the industry as, you know, airlines have dealt with some turnover in the ranks and a lot of hiring. And of course, with us bringing on a couple of new fleet types over a several month time frame, as Shannon said in her commentary, that training level remains elevated, but it's actually not higher year over year.
We're into a slower pace of hiring now and a slower pace of movement, and so it does become more manageable, and we see more productivity improvements as we go through the back part of the year.
Shannon Okinaka -- Chief Financial Officer
So, I'll add a little bit more there, Dan. You know, last quarter, we talked about that percent of efficiency compared to 2019. And we believed our exit point this year was going to be -- I think it was around 10% to 11% greater than 2019 as far as excess pilots per shell. Of course, with the delivery delays this year, we're not expecting -- we had to change our expectation for the exit rate.
It improves over this year, but we don't expect to get to that level maybe until the middle of 2025 when we have about that equivalent of flying after all the delivery delays. We don't believe that that's the steady state. We believe we can get more improvement even off of that, but we've got -- we're looking at about a six-month delay to get to that point that we talked about last quarter.
Dan McKenzie -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst
I see. OK. And then a separate question here, and this is kind of a question I've been asking, you know, all the airlines here is about the shift to the cloud. So, I guess I'm curious, first, is Hawaiian shifting to the cloud? I guess first off, or if you've already started, how far along are you at this point? And I'm just curious, you know, if you can provide some perspective around the cost to make this switch or what the savings might look like once that transition is completed.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I'll take that one, Dan. We don't have our IT experts here in the room with us, but I think the way we have focused on this is not to think about the evolution of our, you know, technology stack as being something that is immediate, and we're trying to cut over all at once. But as systems evolve and as we bring on new systems in different part of the business, we are always focused on moving to more modern architectures, and that means moving to, in a lot of case, cloud-based applications. There are a number of areas where we use software as a system as well.
And so, the storage on things like that is not only cloud-based, but it is provided by our vendors. So, it really, for us, is more of an evolution than a revolution and something that we are continuing to pursue as we modernize the technology stack around the whole business.
Dan McKenzie -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst
I see. OK. And if we were to look at it today, what percent of the IT is switched over, and where would you expect that to be, say, in three years or, you know, five years, longer term?
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I don't have a percentage that I want to be quoted on today, Dan, but maybe we can follow up with you offline on that one.
Dan McKenzie -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst
I see. OK. Thanks so much for the time, you guys.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Dan.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Chris Stathoulopoulos with Susquehanna International. Please proceed with your question.
Chris Stathoulopoulos -- Susquehanna International Group -- Analyst
OK. Thank you, operator. So, Peter, you know, you cited the headwinds around FX and lodging inflation as it relates to Japan. If Japan does take longer than expected to return for whatever reason, could you walk us through, you know, how we should think about your other international point-of-sale markets and potentially some of the levers that you could pull to offset that longer ramp-up? Thanks.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I'll start and then, again, see if Brent wants to add anything to this. You know, in terms of our overall footprint in Japan post this adjustment, we'll have three Tokyo flights. We'll have our Osaka flight.
And we have lessen daily frequency to Fukuoka. So, each of those flights is about an aircraft worth of flying, so, call it about four and a half airplanes worth of flying that are dedicated to Japan going into the summer. There's really nothing in terms of the international markets that rivals the importance of Japan to Hawaii. It really is, you know, far and away, the most significant source of international visitors to our state.
So, I think in the hypothetical, which we don't envision, where we were, you know, looking to deploy some of that capacity elsewhere, it is probably into the larger domestic market. But again, at this point, that is, as we said earlier, is not what we're foreseeing. We've got some other sources of revenue in terms of U.S. point of sale and international points of sale, the benefit, the other flights that we have into Japan.
And so, you know, right now, we expect there to be a gradual ramp-up. We will certainly be cheering for some appreciation of the yen, which would be helpful, but obviously, we can't count on that. We've got to forecast based on what we know today, but that's our plan going forward as we sit here today.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Yeah. I think the only thing I would add is, you know, we've made good progress on increasing traffic beyond Japan into other points of Asia. We'll continue to pursue that. I think that is a market where we've matured a lot, but there's still some more opportunity there.
And likewise, I think we've got the opportunity to continue to grow traffic connecting from the mainland to Japan as we've seen strong U.S. point of sale and some business that traditionally we didn't pursue, but we've been more active in pursuing that as well as, obviously, Hawaii point-of-origin traffic getting to Japan. So, I think we've done a good job in those spaces where we haven't traditionally had to search for as much traffic, but I think we'll continue to look for ways to continue to grow that business.
Chris Stathoulopoulos -- Susquehanna International Group -- Analyst
OK. And as a follow-up, if you could just break down the moving pieces of the capacity guide for 2024 stage gauge and departures. Thank you.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Chris, we'll have Marcy follow up after the call because we don't have the detail on that for 2024.
Chris Stathoulopoulos -- Susquehanna International Group -- Analyst
OK. Thanks.
Operator
And our next question comes from the line of Catherine O'Brien with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
Catherine O'Brien -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Hey, everyone. Thanks so much for the follow-up. Appreciate it. Maybe just one more for you, Brent.
You know, you called out that international PRASM comps get harder in 2Q. You know, does that mean that you expect year-over-year international PRASM performance to be sequentially worse in 2Q versus 1Q as it stands? And if that's the case, do you expect North America and neighbor island PRASM to offset that, or should we expect that system PRASM year over year in the second quarter is sequentially tougher than 1Q just given those tough international comps? Thanks so much for the extra time.
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Yeah. I don't think we're at a point where we're ready to guide to 2Q, Katie. So, I just wanted to point out that, yeah, Japan gets a little harder comp as we head out, and certainly, we had the ramp-up that improved as we got out of 1Q last year. So, you know, we'll give specific entity guidance either for 2Q, but I think international will be more likely to see kind of more flattish unit revenue as we add a little more -- as the industry adds a little capacity back there in 2Q and beyond as opposed to some of the improvements that we'll still see in the first quarter.
Catherine O'Brien -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks so much.
Operator
And we have reached the end of our question-and-answer session. And I'll now turn the call back over to president and CEO, Peter Ingram, for closing remarks.
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Mahalo again for joining us today. We're excited about the opportunities ahead of us in 2024 as we integrate the initiatives of the past couple of years into our day-to-day operations. I look forward to sharing our progress with you again in a few months. Aloha.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Marcy Morita -- Managing Director, Investor Relations
Peter Ingram -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Brent Overbeek -- Senior Vice President, Revenue Management and Network Planning
Shannon Okinaka -- Chief Financial Officer
Conor Cunningham -- Melius Research -- Analyst
Catherine O'Brien -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Mike Linenberg -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Helane Becker -- TD Cowen -- Analyst
Dan McKenzie -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst
Chris Stathoulopoulos -- Susquehanna International Group -- Analyst
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