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Arista Networks(NYSE: ANET)
Q2 2024 Earnings Call
Jul 30, 2024, 4:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Welcome to the second quarter 2024 Arista Networks financial results earnings conference call. During the call, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. After the presentation, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded and will be available for replay from the investor relations section at the Arista website following this call.
Ms. Liz Stine, Arista's director of investor relations, you may begin.
Liz Stine -- Director, Investor Relations
Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us. With me on today's call are Jayshree Ullal, Arista Networks chairperson and chief executive officer; and Chantelle Breithaupt, Arista's chief financial officer. This afternoon, Arista Networks issued a press release announcing the results for its fiscal second quarter ending June 30th, 2024.
If you would like a copy of this release, you can access it online at our website. During the course of this conference call, Arista Networks management will make forward-looking statements, including those relating to our financial outlook for the third quarter of the 2024 fiscal year, longer-term financial outlooks for 2024 and beyond, our total addressable market and strategy for addressing these market opportunities, including AI, customer demand trends, supply chain constraints, component costs, manufacturing output, inventory management, and inflationary pressures on our business, lead times, product innovation, working capital optimization, and the benefits of acquisitions, which are subject to the risks and uncertainties that we discuss in detail in our documents filed with the SEC, specifically in our most recent Form 10-Q and Form 10-K and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these statements. These forward-looking statements apply as of today, and you should not rely on them as representing our views in the future. We undertake no obligation to update these statements after this call.
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Also, please note that certain financial measures we use on the call are expressed on a non-GAAP basis and have been adjusted to exclude certain charges. We have provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures in our earnings press release. With that, I will turn the call over to Jayshree.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you, Liz, and thank you, everyone, for joining us this afternoon for our second quarter 2024 earnings call. As a pure-play networking innovator with greater than $70 billion TAM ahead of us, we are pleased with our superior execution this quarter. We delivered revenues of $1.69 billion for the quarter, with a non-GAAP earnings per share of $2.10. Services and software support renewals contributed strongly at approximately 17.6% of revenue.
Our non-GAAP gross margin of 65.4% was influenced by outstanding manufacturing discipline realizing cost reductions. International contribution for the quarter registered at 19%, with the Americas strong at 81%. As we celebrated our 10th anniversary at the New York Stock Exchange with our near and dear investors and customers, we are now supporting over 10,000 customers with a cumulative of 100 million ports deployed worldwide. In June 2024, we launched Arista's Etherlink AI platforms that are ultra-Ethernet consortium compatible, validating the migration from InfiniBand to Ethernet.
This is a rich portfolio of 800-gig products, not just a point product, but in fact, a complete portfolio that is both NIC and GPU agnostic. The AI portfolio consists of the 7060X6 AI switch that supports 64 800-gig or 128 400-gig Ethernet ports with a capacity of 51 terabits per second. The 7800 R4-AI Spine is our fourth generation of Arista's flagship 7800, offering 100% nonblocking throughput with a proven virtual output queuing architecture. The 7800 R4 supports up to 460 terabits in a single chassis, corresponding to 576 800-gigabit Ethernet ports or 1,152 400-gigabit port density.
The 7700 R4-AI distributed Etherlink switch is a unique product offering with a massively parallel distributed scheduling and congestion-free traffic spraying fabric. The 7700 represents the first in a new series of ultra-scalable intelligent distributed systems that can deliver the highest consistent throughput for very large AI clusters. Let's just say once again, Arista is making Ethernet great. First, we began this journey with low latency in 2009 time frame.
And then there was cloud and routing in the 2015 era, followed by WAN and Campus in the 2020 era, and now AI in our fifth generation in 2025 era. Our Etherlink portfolio is in the midst of trials and can support up to 100,000 XTUs in a two-tier design built on our proven and differentiated extensible OS. We are quite pleased with our progress across cloud, AI, campus, and enterprise customers. I would like to invite Ashwin Kohli, our newly appointed Chief Customer Officer, to describe our diverse set of customer wins in 2024.
Ashwin, over to you.
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Many thanks, Jayshree. Thank you for inviting me to my first earnings call. Let me walk everybody through the four global customer wins. The first example is an AI enterprise win with a large Tier 2 cloud provider, which has been heavily investing in GPUs to increase their revenue and penetrate new markets.
Their senior leadership wanted to be less reliant on traditional core services and work with Arista on new, reliable, and scalable Ethernet fabrics. Their environment consisted of new NVIDIA A100s. However, it was being connected to their legacy networking vendor, which resulted in them having significant performance and scale issues with their AI applications. The goal of our customer engagement was to refresh the front-end network to alleviate these issues.
Our technical partnership resulted in deploying a two-step migration path to alleviate the current issues using 400-gig 7080s, eventually migrating them to an 800-gig AI Ethernet link in the future. The second next win highlights our adjacencies in both campus and routing. This customer is a large data center customer, which has deployed us for almost a decade. The team was able to leverage that success to help them demonstrate our value for their global campus network, which spans across hundreds and thousands of square feet globally.
The customer had considerable dissatisfaction with their current vendor, which led them to a last-minute request to create a design for their new corporate headquarters. Given only three months' window, Arista leveraged the existing data center design and adapted this to the campus topology with a digital twin of the design in minimal time. CloudVision was used for visibility and life cycle management. The same customer once again was struggling with extreme complexity in their routing environment, as well with multiple parallel backbones and numerous technical complexities.
Arista simplified their routing network by removing legacy routers, increasing bandwidth and moving to a simple fixed form factor platform router. The core spine leverages the same U.S. software, streamlining their certification procedures and instilling confidence in the stability of the products. Once again, CloudVision came to the rescue.
The third example is the next win in the international arena of a large automotive manufacturer that due to its size and scale, previously had more than three different vendors in the data center, which created a very high level of complexity both from a technical and also from an operational perspective. The customer's key priority was to achieve a higher level of consistency across their infrastructure, which is now being delivered via a single EOS binary image and CloudVision solution from Arista. Their next top priority was to use automation, consistent end-to-end provisioning and visibility, which can be delivered by our CloudVision platform. This simplification has led the customer to adopt Arista beyond the data center and extend the Arista solution into the routing component of the infrastructure, which included our 7500 R3 spine platforms.
This once again shows a very clear example of the same Arista One EOS and One CloudVision solution delivering multiple use cases. And Jayshree, this last win demonstrates our strength in service provider routing space. We have been at the forefront of providing innovative solutions for service provider customers for many years. As we all know, we are in the midst of an optical and packet integration.
As a result, our routers support industry-leading dense 400-gig ZR Plus coherent pluggable optics. In this service provider customer example, we provided a full turnkey solution, including our popular 7280 R3 routers and our newly announced AWE 7250 WAN router as a BGP route reflector along with CloudVision and professional services. We showcased our strength in supporting a wide variety of these pluggable coherent optics, along with our SRX and EVPN solutions, which allowed this middle mine service provider customer to build out a 400-gig statewide backbone at cloud-scale economics. Thanks, Jayshree, and back over to you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Well, thank you, Ashwin, and congratulations. Hot off the press is our new and highest Net Promoter Score of 87, which translates to 95%. Hats off to your team for achieving that. It's so exciting to see the momentum of our enterprise sector.
As a matter of fact, as we speak, we are powering the broadcasters of the Olympics, symbolic of our commitment to the media and entertainment vertical. And so, it's fair to say that so far in 2024, it's proving to be better than we expected because of our position in the marketplace and because of our best-of-breed platform for mission-critical networking. I am reminded of the 1980s when San was famous for declaring the network is the computer. Well, 40 years later, we're seeing the same cycle come true again with the collective nature of AI training models mandating a lossless highly available network to seamlessly connect every AI accelerator in the cluster to one another for peak job completion times.
Our AI networks also connect trained models to end users and other multi-tenant systems in the front-end data center, such as storage, enabling the AI system to become more than the sum of its parts. We believe data centers are evolving to holistic AI centers, where the network is the epicenter of AI management for acceleration of applications, compute, storage, and the wide area network. AI centers need a foundational data architecture to deal with the multimodal AI datasets that run on our differentiated EOS network data link systems. Arista showcased a technology demonstration of our EOS-based AI agent that can be on the NIC itself or alternatively, inside the host.
By connecting to adjacent Arista switches to continuously keep up with the current state, send telemetry or receive configuration updates, we have demonstrated the network working holistically with network interface cards such as NVIDIA BlueField, and we expect to add more NICs in the future. Well, I think the Arista purpose and vision is clearly driving our customer traction. Our networking platforms are becoming the epicenter of all digital transactions, be they campus center, data center, WAN centers, or AI centers. And with that, I'd like to turn it over to Chantelle, our chief financial officer, to review the financial specifics and tell us more.
Over to you, Chantelle.
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Jayshree. It really was great to see everyone at the New York Stock Exchange IPO celebration event. Now turning to the numbers. This analysis of our Q2 results and our guidance for Q3 is based on non-GAAP and excludes all noncash stock-based compensation impacts, certain acquisition-related charges, and other nonrecurring items.
A full reconciliation of our selected GAAP to non-GAAP results is provided in our earnings release. Total revenues in Q2 were $1.69 billion, up 15.9% year over year, significantly above the upper end of our guidance of $1.62 billion to $1.65 billion. Growth was delivered across all three sectors of cloud, enterprise, and provider. Services and subscription software contributed approximately 17.6% of revenue in the quarter, up from 16.9% in Q1.
International revenues for the quarter came in at $316 million or 18.7% of total revenue, down from 20.1% in the prior quarter. This quarter-over-quarter decrease was driven by a relatively weaker performance in our APJ region. The overall gross margin in Q2 was 65.4%, above our guidance of 64%, up from 64.2% last quarter and up from 61.3% in the prior-year quarter. The year-over-year gross margin improvement was primarily driven by a reduction in inventory-related reserves.
Operating expenses for the quarter were $319.8 million or 18.9% of revenue, up from last quarter at $265 million. R&D spending came in at $216.7 million or 12.8% of revenue, up from $164.6 million in the last quarter. This primarily reflected increased headcount and higher new product introduction costs in the period. Sales and marketing expense was $85.1 million or 5% of revenue compared to $83.7 million last quarter, with a double-digit percentage increase of headcount in the quarter versus the prior year.
Our G&A costs came in at $18 million or 1.1% of revenue, up from last quarter at $16.7 million. Our operating income for the quarter was $785.6 million or 46.5% of revenue. Other income and expense for the quarter was a favorable $70.9 million, and our effective tax rate was 21.5%. This resulted in net income for the quarter of $672.6 million or 39.8% of revenue.
Our diluted share number was 319.9 million shares, resulting in a diluted earnings per share number for the quarter of $2.10, up 32.9% from the prior year. Turning to the balance sheet. Cash, cash equivalents, and investments ended the quarter at $6.3 billion. In the quarter, we repurchased $172 million of our common stock at an average price of $282.20 per share.
Of the $172 million, $82 million was repurchased under our prior $1 billion authorization, which is now complete, and the remaining $90 million was purchased under the new program of $1.2 billion approved in May 2024. The actual timing and amount of future repurchases will depend upon market and business conditions, stock price, and other factors. Now turning to operating cash performance for the second quarter. We generated $989 million of cash from operations in the period, reflecting strong earnings performance with a favorable contribution from working capital.
DSOs came in at 66 days, up from 62 days in Q1, impacted by large service renewals at the end of the quarter. Inventory turns were 1.1x, up from one turn last quarter. Inventory decreased to $1.9 billion in the quarter, down from $2 billion in second half prior period, reflecting a reduction in our raw materials inventory. Our purchase commitments and inventory at the end of the quarter totaled $4 billion, up from $3.5 billion at the end of Q1.
We expect this number to stabilize as supplier lead times improve, but we'll continue to have some variability in future quarters as a reflection of demand for our new product introductions. Our total deferred revenue balance was $2.1 billion, up from $1.7 billion in Q1. The majority of the deferred revenue balance is services-related and directly linked to the timing and term of service contracts, which can vary on a quarter-by-quarter basis. Our product deferred revenue increased approximately $253 million versus last quarter.
As a reminder, we expect 2024 to be a year of new product introductions, new customers, and expanded use cases. These trends may result in increased customer trials and contracts with customer-specific acceptance clauses and increase the variability and magnitude of our product deferred revenue balances. Accounts payable days was 46 days, up from 36 days in Q1, reflecting the timing of inventory receipts and payments. Capital expenditures for the quarter were $3.2 million.
As we enter the second half of fiscal year 2024, we are encouraged by the momentum that we see in the market. Our existing innovative product portfolio, along with our new product introductions, are well suited for our cloud, AI enterprise, and providers customers. We will continue to invest in our R&D and go-to-market through both people and processes. With all of this as a backdrop for fiscal year '24, our revenue growth guidance is now at least 14%.
Gross margin outlook remains at 62% to 64%, and operating margin is now raised to approximately 44%. Our guidance for the third quarter based on non-GAAP results and excluding any noncash stock-based compensation impacts and other nonrecurring items is as follows: revenues of approximately $1.72 billion to $1.75 billion, gross margin of approximately 63% to 64%, and operating margin at approximately 44%. Our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 21.5%, with diluted shares of approximately 321 million shares. With that, I now turn the call back to Liz.
Liz?
Liz Stine -- Director, Investor Relations
Thank you, Chantelle. We will now move to the Q&A portion of the Arista earnings call. To allow for greater participation, I'd like to request that everyone please limit themselves to a single question. Thank you for your understanding.
Operator, take it away.
Questions & Answers:
Operator
We will now begin the Q&A portion of the Arista earnings call. [Operator instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Michael Ng with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Michael Ng -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Hi, good afternoon. Thank you for the question. As we head into next-generation GPUs with Blackwell and the NVL72, there's been some discussion about whether these systems may be less modular in some of its components, particularly for back-end networking. I was just wondering if you could share your views and provide some clarity on the vendor modularity of Blackwell, particularly as it relates to networking.
And how that might affect Arista's positioning over the next couple of years, if at all? Thank you very much.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Sure. Michael, I think as the GPUs get faster and faster, obviously, the dependency on the network for higher throughput is clearly related. And therefore, our timely introduction of these 800-gig products will be required, especially more for Blackwell. In terms of its connection and modularity with NVLink and 72 port, there's always been a market for what I call scale up, where you're connecting the GPUs internally in a server and the density of those GPUs connecting in the past has been more PCIe and XL and now NVLink, and there's a new consortium now for called UAL that's going to specify that, I believe, eventually, by the way, even there, Ethernet will win.
And so, that density depends more on the AI accelerator and how they choose to connect. As I've often said, it's more a bus technology. So eventually, where Arista plays strongly both on the front end and back end is on the scale out, not on the scale up. So, independent of the modularity, whether it's a wrap-based design, a chassis, or multiple RU, the ports have to come out Ethernet and those Ethernet ports will connect into scale-out switches from Arista.
Michael Ng -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Great. Thank you, Jayshree.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you, Michael.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Aaron Rakers -- Analyst
Yeah, thank you for taking the question. The metric that stands out to me the most is the deferred revenue balance up. Looks like 95% in total year on year. Based on what you disclosed, it looks like you're now at about $520 million of product deferred.
On the product deferred line, can you help us appreciate --how do we think about that number? Is that related to these AI opportunities? Just the cadence of how we should expect the revenue recognition from that again being -- it looks like almost 60% above what was previously the peak level of product deferred.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yes. No, good question, Aaron. Let me start generically and of course, I'll hand it to my CFO, Chantelle, here. Product deferred sort of ebbs and flows.
It goes in, it comes out. And it's particularly high when we have a lot of new product and new use cases. But it's not extraordinary to see us running a higher product deferred in one quarter or in one year and then dipping down. So, the long term is consistent, the short term can ebb and flow.
Do you want to say a few words on that?
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Yes, thank you, Jayshree. The only thing I would add to that is that the deferred balance is always a mix of customers and use cases. So, I wouldn't rotate on any one particular intersection of those. It really is a mix of those combined.
Aaron Rakers -- Analyst
OK, thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thanks, Aaron.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Meta Marshall with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Meta Marshall -- Analyst
Great, thanks. Jayshree, last quarter, you had mentioned kind of four major AI trials that you guys were a part of. Obviously, you guys -- or Ashwin listed off the list of kind of the four wins that you had during the quarter. Just trying to get a sense of maybe if that Tier 2 win was a part of those AI trials.
Or just any update on where those four AI trials stand or what the current count of AI trials is currently? Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah. No, I'm going to speak to it, and I want to turn it over to Ashwin since he's here with us. First of all, all four trials are largely in what I call cloud and AI titans. A couple of them could be classified as specialty providers as well, depending on how they end up.
But those four are going very well. They started out as large trials. They're now moving into pilots this year, most of them. And with any luck next year, maybe we won't be seeing four to five, and we could say five out of five.
That's my hope, anyway. But in addition to that, we have tens of smaller customers who are starting to do AI pilots. And Ashwin, you've been smack in the middle of a lot of those, maybe you want to speak to that a little bit?
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Yeah. Absolutely, Jayshree. Meta, so I just wanted to clarify the example that I shared with you was more around a Tier 2 cloud provider. And if I take a step back, the types of conversations my team is having with customers is either around general-purpose enterprise customers or it's around Tier 2 cloud providers, right, which are different to the ones Jayshree's referring to.
Yeah, I hope that clarifies --
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
And they tend to be early adopters.
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Yeah, absolutely.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
They're about to build an AI cluster. It's a reasonably small size, not classified in thousands or 10,000, but you've got to start somewhere. So, they started about a few hundred GPUs, would you say?
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Absolutely, yes.
Meta Marshall -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you, Meta.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Atif Malik with Citi. Please go ahead.
Atif Malik -- Citi -- Analyst
Hi, thank you for taking my question. Jayshree, you mentioned a $70 billion TAM number in your prepared remarks. Can you help us understand what is in that TAM? And how does that relate to the $750 million AI networking revenue number you have provided for next year?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yes, I get asked that question a lot. First of all, the TAM is far greater than the $750 million we've signed up for. And remember, that's early years. But TAM consists of our data center TAM.
Our AI TAM, which we count in a more narrow fashion as how much of InfiniBand will move to Ethernet on the back end. We don't count the AI TAM that's already in the front end, which is part and parcel of our data center. And then obviously, there's a campus TAM, which is very, very big. It's north of $10 billion.
And then there's the wide area in routing. So, these four are the building blocks that I call the campus center, data center, AI center, and WAN center. And then laid upon that is some very nice software. If you saw, we had a nice bump in software and service renewals this quarter, which would be largely centered around CloudVision observability and security.
So, I would say these are the four building blocks, and then the three software components on top of it. Of course, not to forget the services and support that are part of these TAMs as well.
Atif Malik -- Citi -- Analyst
Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you, Atif.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Antoine Chkaiban with New Street Research. Please go ahead.
Antoine Chkaiban -- New Street Research -- Analyst
I'd like actually to ask about the non-AI component of your Cloud and AI segment. What can you tell us about how investments in traditional infrastructure are trending? Because we heard from other vendors that inventory digestion is now easing. So, are you seeing that too?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
We saw that last year. We saw that there was a lot of pivot going on from the classic cloud, as I like to call it, to the AI in terms of spend. And we continue to see favorable preferences to AI spend in many of our large cloud customers. Having said that, at the same time, simultaneously, we are going through a refresh cycle where many of these customers are moving from 100 to 200 or 200 to 400 gig.
So, while we think AI will grow faster than cloud, we're betting on classic cloud continuing to be an important aspect of our contributions. Thanks.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Amit Daryanani with Evercore. Please go ahead.
Amit Daryanani -- Analyst
Yep. Good afternoon and thanks for taking my question. I guess just a question related to the updated '24 guide, and I realize it's at least 14% growth for the year. But your compares actually get much easier in the back half of the year versus what you've had in the first half.
So, just from an H2 versus H1 basis, is it reasonable to think that growth can actually accelerate for you in the back half of the year? And if it doesn't, why do you think it does not accelerate in the back half? Thank you.
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I think that Jayshree and I came to this guide of at least 14% because we do see multiple scenarios as we go through the second half of the year. We do expect to continue to see some acceleration in growth, but I would say that from the perspective of the forward scenarios, we are comfortable with at least 14%, and we'll come back in Q3 and see where we were able to guide for the rest of the year.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Look at us. We're known to be traditionally conservative. We went from 10 to 12, 12 to 14. And now my CFO says at least 14.
So, let's see how the second half goes. But I think at this point, you should think we are confident about second half, and we're getting increasingly confident about 2025.
Amit Daryanani -- Analyst
Perfect. Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Tal Liani with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Tal Liani -- Analyst
Was it your line, by the way? Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Tal, you there?
Tal Liani -- Analyst
Yes. Can you hear me?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yes, yes.
Tal Liani -- Analyst
OK. My question is more in line with kind of the previous question. I calculated the implied growth in the fourth quarter. And I'm getting a much lower growth in the fourth quarter than what we've seen this quarter or next quarter.
And I'm wondering if it's -- you said conservatism in the last answer. And the question is, is it just conservatism? Or is there anything special with the fourth quarter that the implied growth is only 9% year over year? And it goes across everything. The implied growth, revenue growth is lower, the gross margin is lower. So, some of it is conservatism, but is there anything special with 4Q timing of recognition or seasonality or anything that drives a lower implied guidance?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
So, Tal, if you go back to November Analyst Day, to call out gross margin lower, I would disagree because I think we're just blowing it off our guide. Our guide was 63 to 64. And we have now shown two quarters of amazing gross margin. Hats off to my Mike Kappus and John McCool, Alex, and the entire team for really working on disciplined cost reductions.
But yet, if you look at mix, in general, the costs, etc., I would say you should plan on our gross margins being as we projected. They're not lower. I think we just did exceptionally well the last two quarters, so it's relatively lower. That's the first thing. Second, in terms of growth, I would say we always aim for double-digit growth.
We came in with 10% to 12%. And again, Q2 is just an outstanding quarter. I don't want to use it as a benchmark for how Q3, Q4 will be. But of course, we're operating off large numbers.
We'll aim to do better, but we'll have more visibility as we go into Q3, and we'll be able to give you a good sense of the year.
Tal Liani -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of George Notter with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
George Notter -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hi, guys. Thank you very much. I guess I was just curious about what your expectations were coming into the quarter for product deferred revenue. I guess I'm curious how much you thought would be added to that product deferred category in Q2.
And then also, do you have a view on product deferred revenue for Q3? Thanks.
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, hi. Yeah, nothing's changed in our philosophy that we don't guide product deferred revenue. So, there's nothing new there to report. I would say in the sense of coming to this quarter, we don't guide the product deferred revenue.
We have an idea in the sense of where we're going to land as we go through the quarter. But I would say that it met expectations from what we were having in our planning forecast process.
George Notter -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Got it. And I assume these are new products you've shipped to customers, you're waiting for customer acceptance. Any sense for when those customer acceptances might start to flow through? Is that a 2024 event? Is that a 2025 event? How do you think about it?
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. They all have different timings because they're unique to the customer, the use case, AI, classic cloud, etc.. So, they're all unique and bespoke that way. So, there's no set trending on that.
And so, as we roll through the quarters, they'll come off as they get deployed and then that's where it will land from a forecasting perspective.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
And I think it's fair to say if it's AI, it takes longer, if it's classic cloud, it's shorter.
George Notter -- Jefferies -- Analyst
OK, thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thanks, George.
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Samik Chatterjee with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.
Samik Chatterjee -- Analyst
Hi, thanks for taking my question, and strong results here. But if I can just ask a question on the commentary that Ashwin had in the prepared remarks. Ashwin, you mentioned the Tier 2 customer, where you're refreshing the front end, as I sort of interpreted it to alleviate some of the bandwidth sort of concerns from the back end. How do you think about that opportunity across your customer base? Particularly, how should we think about sort of that as being attached to the $750 million target for back-end revenues that you have for next year? Just help us think about the opportunity that you're seeing with your customers on that side.
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Yeah, Samik, it's hard to say, right? I mean, I don't want to attach the $750 million back to this one customer, right? The goal around this one customer was to demonstrate our wins in enterprise and in the non-cloud space. But outside that, it would be very hard to go translate that to what's happening within the $750 million, right? I don't know, Jayshree, if you've got any comments around that at all.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah. I was just going to add that there are four things Ashwin and the team are seeing in the enterprise and provider sector. I think the migration to 100 gig data center is pretty solidly going on. If anybody is still on a 10 and 40, they're definitely not an early adopter of technology.
And some of them are even moving to 400 gig, I would say.
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Absolutely, Jayshree.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
So, that's on the data center. Campus, I know, in general, is a slow market. But for Arista, we are still seeing a lot of desire. And you heard Ashwin talk about a campus win, but they're really frustrated and they're struggling with existing campus deployments.
So, we feel really good about our $750 million target for next year. The routed ran, again, we're both in Tier 2 and service providers and even in enterprise, there's a lot of activity going on there. And finally, the AI trials you talked about, they tend to be smaller, but it's a representation of the confidence the customer has. They may be using other GPUs, servers, etc..
But when it comes to the mission-critical networks, they've recognized the importance of best-of-breed reliability, availability, performance, no loss, and familiarity with the data center is naturally leading to pilots and trials on the AI side with us.
Samik Chatterjee -- Analyst
Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you, Samik.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Karl Ackerman with BNP Paribas. Please go ahead.
Karl Ackerman -- Analyst
Yes, thank you. So, there are several data points across the supply chain that indicate enterprise networking and traditional server units are beginning to recover. I was hoping you might discuss what you are hearing from your enterprise and service provider customers on their commitment to upgrade their services and networking gear over the next couple of quarters. And as you address that, perhaps you could discuss the number of new customers being added in these verticals over the last couple of quarters out of the 10,000 or so that you have today? Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah. Let me take the second question. I think we are adding systematically. We celebrated the 10,000.
And so, because in the past, we used to add large numbers of customers. Now we're adding many small customers who are pleased with the systematic add of hundreds of customers every quarter, and that's going very, very well. What was your former question?
Karl Ackerman -- Analyst
How to think about the adoption or the growth of server and networking gear on for campus environments and what you're seeing there.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
OK. So, perhaps it may come as a surprise to you, but servers aren't always related to campus. Devices and users are much more related to campus, right? Service tend to be dealing with more data center upgrades. So, in the campus, we're tending to see two things right now.
Greenfield buildings, they're planning for '25, '26 and they're smack in the middle of those RFPs. Or they're trying to create a little oasis in the desert and prove that our post-pandemic campus is much better with a leaf/spine topology, wired/wireless connecting to it at leaf, and then enabling things like zero-touch automation, method segmentation, capabilities, analytics, etc.. So, the campus is really turning out to in a somewhat sluggish overall market. We are finding that our customers are very interested in modernizing their campus.
And again, it has a lot to do with the familiarity with us in the data center, and that's translating to more success in the campus.
Karl Ackerman -- Analyst
Thanks.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Ben Bollin with Cleveland Research. Please go ahead.
Benjamin Bollin -- Analyst
Good evening, everyone. Thanks for taking the question. Jayshree, I mean just the bigger picture as you think about back-end network architectures gradually capturing more of the traditional front end. What do you think that looks like over the next several years? How quickly could that become a more realistic opportunity to capture more of that true fabric of overall compute resources?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Well, I think there are a lot of market studies that point to today is still largely InfiniBand. You remember me, Ben, saying we were outside looking in just a year ago. So, step one is we're feeling very gratified that the whole world, even InfiniBand players have acknowledged that we are making Ethernet great again. And so, I expect more and more of that back end to be Ethernet.
One thing I do expect, even though we're very signed up to the $750 million number -- at least $750 million, I should say, next year, is it's going to become difficult to distinguish the back end from the front end when they all move to Ethernet. For this AI center, as we call it, is going to be a conglomeration of both the front and the back. So, if I were to fast forward three, four years from now, I think the AI center is a supercenter of both the front end and the back end. So, we'll be able to track it as long as there's GPUs and strictly training use cases.
But if I were to fast forward, I think there may be many more edge use cases, many more inference use cases and many more small-scale training use cases which will make that distinction difficult to make. Thank you, Ben.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Alex Henderson with Needham. Please go ahead.
Alex Henderson -- Analyst
Great, thank you very much. I was hoping we could talk a little bit about the spending biases in the cloud titans. Clearly, there's an enormous amount of spending going into the AI front end, back end networking elements, as well as the GPUs. But there is a rebounding growth rate of application that is ultimately driving the traditional business that has historically been called the CPU side of the data center.
And I'm wondering if they're underinvesting in there and whether there's a potential for a catch-up in the spending in that area at some juncture because of the over bias to or whether that investment is ongoing at a reasonable rate, consistent with a moderate acceleration in the application growth?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Alex, it's a very thought-provoking question. I would say there's such a heavy bias in the cloud titans toward training and super training and the bigger and better the GPUs, the billion parameters, the OpenAI, ChatGPT, and Llamas that you're absolutely right that at some level, the classic cloud, what you call traditional, I'm still calling classic, is a little bit neglected last year and this year. Having said that, I think once the training models are established, I believe this will come back, and it will sort of be a vicious cycle that feeds on each other. But at the moment, we're seeing more activity on the AI and more moderate activity on the cloud.
Alex Henderson -- Analyst
Does the reacceleration of application growth excluding the AI play into that? I mean clearly that --
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
I think it does. I don't know how to measure it, but I think the more AI back end we put in, we expect that to have a pressure on the front end of x percent. We're still trying to assess whether that's 10%, 20%, 30%. And so, we do not count that in our $750 million number, to be accurate, to the only GPU native connections.
But absolutely, as the two holistically come together to form this AI center, I believe the front end will have pressure.
Alex Henderson -- Analyst
Great. Thank you so much and thanks for the great quarter.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thank you, Alex. Appreciate your support.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Ben Reitzes with Melius Research. Please go ahead.
Jack Adair -- Melius Research -- Analyst
This is Jack Adair for Ben. Wondering if you could comment on the competitive environment. And if you're seeing Spectrum X from NVIDIA? And if so, how you're doing against it?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah. Well, first, I just want to say, when you say competitive environment, it's complicated with NVIDIA because we really consider them a friend on the GPUs, as well as the mix, so not quite a competitor. But absolutely, we will compete with them on the Spectrum switch. We have not seen the Spectrum except in one customer where it was bundled.
But otherwise, we feel pretty good about our win rate and our success. For a number of reasons, great software, portfolio of products, and architecture has proven performance, visibility features, management capabilities, high availability. And so, I think it's fair to say that if a customer were bundling with their GPUs, then we wouldn't see it. If a customer were looking for best of breed, we absolutely see it and win it.
Jack Adair -- Melius Research -- Analyst
Thank you for that.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thanks, Jack.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of James Fish with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.
James Fish -- Analyst
Thanks for taking the question. Just wanted to circle back on the enterprise side of things. Is there a way to think about how many replacements you're seeing relative to prior periods? And really, I'm trying to understand if we're starting to see that core enterprise data center network refresh actually pick up versus kind of the share gains that you guys have historically seen. And is there an underlying change in enterprise customer behavior, whether it's for the data center or Jayshree, I know you were talking about the campus earlier.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah, James, let me talk and Ashwin, I'm sure you have more to add since you're closer to the problem. I believe we have three classes of enterprise customers. The early adopters. And I think in that category, Ashwin's team is seeing a lot of refresh going.
They already have 100 gig and they're potentially planning their 400 gig, right? Then the fast followers. And those guys, I think, are still looking at 100-gig migrations, right? And then the real risk averse, and we're still getting to know them because this is an untapped opportunity for us, right? And probably a fourth category where some of them are disillusioned with the public cloud and want to repatriate some of their workloads back into the data center. So, I would say there's activity in all four. No saturation, still a lot of opportunity for us largely in the speed upgrades and also in the class of customers and what stage they are.
Ashwin, do you want to add anything to that?
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Yes. Sure, Jayshree, right? And so, to answer your question, from what I'm seeing from customers, they're kind of fed up with being deployed in the data center, specifically, something which is proprietary lock-in, right? Something which does not give them the flexibility to join multiple use cases such as data center, campus, routing, and they want something that just works. They want something that is just simple. They want to make sure that when they wake up in the morning, the network is not down.
And so, Arista today actually has a brand. It has a value for their -- and we've actually been delivering this for the last 10-plus years. So, James, I would say the message is echoing successfully in our existing customers who are taking a risk not only in the single use case of data center, but expanding that across data center, campus, routing, WAN. And then the team is eagerly working with a new set of Global 2000 and Fortune 500 customers to go evangelize a message to them as well.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Thanks, James.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Ittai Kidron with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.
Ittai Kidron -- Analyst
Thanks, nice numbers, ladies. I wanted to go back to gross margin. Jayshree, Chantelle, if you don't mind, in your prepared remarks, you talked about manufacturing efficiencies, cost reduction. I guess I'm wondering why is that not something that carries forward to the next quarter as well? I understand you're trying to be conservative, but I'm sure these are not changes that have a very short lifespan that they can carry forward.
So, why not be a bit more optimistic on what the gross margin outlook should be?
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Yes. No, it's a great question. And so, our goal is always to try to do better than our guide. But within that guide, the question is there's -- mostly what's influencing the second half consideration is the expected mix of customers.
As you can appreciate, we do have different mixes depending on the demographics of who we're selling to. So, I think that's a big part of our second half, why we kept the guide as it is. We will keep looking for variable cost productivity in cost management as we go through and hope to deliver more. But at this point in time, what's mostly built into it is the mix assumption in the second half.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
And if you look at -- this isn't just this quarter. John and the team have done a fantastic job for the last year. So, yes, I'm going to go back to them and ask for more, but I think they will say they've done so much and might be squeezing blood out of a stone. So, we'll see if they respond to more cost reductions.
But I absolutely agree with Chantelle. It's largely driven by mix. And I think we've taken a lot of the cost reductions out in the last year.
Ittai Kidron -- Analyst
I appreciate it.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question will come from the line of Simon Leopold with Raymond James. Please go ahead.
Simon Leopold -- Analyst
Thank you very much. I know that you typically hold off on the 10% customer disclosures until the end of the fiscal year. But what I'm hoping to gather is how customer concentration may be evolving from comparison to last year, do you expect with your past customers growing their spending so much that it stays similar or with the diversity of the new opportunities, the concentration you've had historically declined. Any kind of indication you could offer? I'd appreciate it.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
I mean, I'll try, but you're right to say that we don't know. It's only half the year. I expect both Microsoft and Meta to be greater than 10% customers for us. I don't expect any other 10% concentration.
Now in Microsoft and Meta, how they will pivot to AI and how they will reduce the spend and all that things, that movie will play out in the next six months. So, we'll know better. But at this point, I think you can assume they won't be exactly the same. Some may go up, some may go down.
But these are two extremely vital customers, strategic customers, we co-develop with them. We partner with them very, very well. And we expect to do well with them, both in cloud and AI, depending on their priorities, of course.
Simon Leopold -- Analyst
And does the pipeline suggest you can have new 10% customers next year? Or do you expect sort of a similar concentration next year?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah, we're not aware of any customers that will approach 10% this year or next year.
Simon Leopold -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Sure, Simon.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Tim Long with Barclays. Please go ahead.
Tim Long -- Analyst
Thank you, maybe we'll go over to the software services, the AI stuff has been beaten up a little bit here. In a good way. You talked a lot about some of the software capabilities. It seems like Arista might be leaning in a little bit more to this revenue line.
It's been growing faster than the hardware product the last multiple quarters. So, could you talk about kind of sustainability of that strength focus that you guys have on this service software area and what that would mean to growth rate going forward? Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yes. Thank you. Thank you for the change in question. I appreciate that.
I think we will be in the teens for some time because there are three building blocks, and a lot of this, Ashwin, you know very well. There's the services building block that as product goes up, there's a lot of pressure on us on a percentage of service to be lower, right? So, that, while it may -- historically has been in the teens, can be lower. Then, the second one is our perpetual software which, again, is a strong function of use cases, particularly things like routing, etc., where we've done very, very well. The stronger we do there, the better we do there.
An extension of that is CloudVision, which is more a subscription service with CloudVision as a service, either Network as a Service or on the premise. So, that's the second building block for us that's going strong. The one I want to point to a little more which could help us is the security and observability. You may know in May, we introduced the micro and macro segmentation.
We also announced UNO, our Unified Network Observability. And while this is new, Ashwin and I have great plans for that, and I think this could be a swing factor. As the services components may reduce over time, these new product components may increase. So, 17 points, whatever percent it was, is a great number.
And if we can consistently stay there, I'd be very proud, particularly as our numbers get larger.
Tim Long -- Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Sebastien Naji with William Blair. Please go ahead.
Sebastien Naji -- William Blair -- Analyst
Hey, thanks for taking the question and sorry to bring you guys back to the AI conversation, but this one is a little bit more high level. I guess, we keep hearing about bigger and bigger API clusters that are being built. And as Arista is working on connecting these larger and larger clusters as they scale, I'm just wondering, does that impact your ability to capture more revenue? You've talked about 15% of capex. Does that maybe change or go up or go down as these clusters that you're having to connect get bigger and bigger?
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yes, so if you look at an AI network design, you can look at it through two lenses, just through the compute, in which case you look at scale up and you look at it strictly through how many processes there are. But when we look at an AI network design, it's a number of GPUs or XTUs per workload. Distribution and location of these GPUs are important. And whether the cluster has multiple tenants and how it's divvied up between the host, the memory, the storage, and the wide-area plays a role, and the optimization to make on the applications for the collective communication libraries for specific workloads, levels of resilience, how much redundancy you want to put in, active, link base, load balancing, types of visibility.
So, the metrics are just getting more and more. There are many more commutations in combination. But it all starts with number of GPUs, performance, and billions of parameters. Because the training models are definitely centered around job completion time.
But then there's multiple concentric circles of additional things we have to add to that network design. All this to say, a network design-centric approach has to be taken for these GPU clusters. Otherwise, you end up being very siloed, and that's really what we're working on. So, it goes beyond scale and performance to some of these other metrics I mentioned.
Liz Stine -- Director, Investor Relations
Thanks, Sebastien. Operator, we have time for one last question, please.
Operator
Our final question comes from the line of David Vogt with UBS. Please go ahead.
David Vogt -- UBS -- Analyst
Great, thanks, guys. Maybe just to bring it back together and maybe both for Jayshree and Chantelle. I guess what I'm trying to think through is this is your product introduction. You have a pretty strong ramp of AI likely next year.
But does the guide imply that we're going to start to see a much bigger contribution in Q4 driven by the comments around mix earlier and the gross margin discussion? Because I would imagine early in the stage of their life cycle plus the fact that they're hyperscalers, they're going to be a relatively more modest gross margin profile at the beginning of the glide path versus the end of the glide path. So, just any color there in terms of what Q4 might look like from an AI perspective relative to your expectations from a glide path perspective? Thank you.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah. Let me just remind you of how we are approaching 2024, including Q4, right? Last year, trials. So, small, it was not material. This year, we're definitely going into pilots.
Some of the GPUs, and you've seen this in public blogs published by some of our customers have already gone from tens of thousands to 24,000 and are heading toward 50,000 GPUs. Next year, I think there will be many of them heading into tens of thousands aiming for 100,000 GPUs. So, I see next year as more promising. Some of them might happen this year.
But I think we're very much in -- going from trials to pilots, trials being hundreds. And this year, we're in the thousands. But I wouldn't focus on Q4. I'd focus on the entire year and say, yes, we've gone into the thousands.
And I'll let Chantelle turn for this glide path, right? So, we expect to be single-digit small percentages of our total revenue in AI this year. But we are really, really expecting next year to be the $750 million a year or more.
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Yes. I think so. I completely agree, Jayshree.
The only thing I would add to it is you have to think of the kind of matrix we're working within. So, we have cloud and enterprise customers and we have very, very different scopes of readiness at those customers. So, Q3, Q4, Q1, Q2 next year, they're all eligible for timing for types, etc.. So, we just want to make sure that the variability that I spoke to in my prepared remarks is understood in that context.
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Yeah. I think simple things like power and cooling are affecting the ability to deploy in a massive scale. So, there's nothing magic about Q4. There's plenty of magic about the year in its entirety and next year.
David Vogt -- UBS -- Analyst
Great. Thanks. Thanks, Chantelle. Thanks, Liz.
Liz Stine -- Director, Investor Relations
Thanks, Davide. This concludes the Arista Networks second quarter 2024 earnings call. We have posted a presentation, which provides additional information on our results, which you can access on the Investors section of our website. Thank you for joining us today, and thank you for your interest in Arista.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Liz Stine -- Director, Investor Relations
Jayshree V. Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Ashwin Kohli -- Senior Vice President-Customer Engineering
Jayshree Ullal -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson
Chantelle Breithaupt -- Chief Financial Officer
Michael Ng -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Aaron Rakers -- Analyst
Meta Marshall -- Analyst
Atif Malik -- Citi -- Analyst
Antoine Chkaiban -- New Street Research -- Analyst
Amit Daryanani -- Analyst
Tal Liani -- Analyst
George Notter -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Samik Chatterjee -- Analyst
Karl Ackerman -- Analyst
Benjamin Bollin -- Analyst
Alex Henderson -- Analyst
Jack Adair -- Melius Research -- Analyst
James Fish -- Analyst
Ittai Kidron -- Analyst
Simon Leopold -- Analyst
Tim Long -- Analyst
Sebastien Naji -- William Blair -- Analyst
David Vogt -- UBS -- Analyst
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