Quebec Premier Francois Legault walks in as his government is about to table a legislation on laicity of the state, Thursday, March 28, 2019 at the legislature in Quebec City. Legault walks by the crucifix that will also disappear if the legislation is passed.Jacques Boissinot/The Canadian Press
Waves of condemnation washed over Quebec’s move Thursday to ban some public-sector workers from wearing religiously symbolic articles, despite Premier François Legault’s attempt to pacify the issue with a grandfather clause exempting current employees who stay in the same job.
The Legault government introduced draft legislation that would ban select public employees, including schoolteachers, from wearing crosses, head scarves, turbans and other visible items of religious importance. Moments after the bill was tabled, the Coalition Avenir Québec government introduced a motion to remove the crucifix from the main chamber of the National Assembly – if the draft law passes. The motion received unanimous support.
The Quebec government’s move drew immediate criticism from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who said the law enshrines religious discrimination. “Quebeckers, like all Canadians, are proud of living in a free and just society and I don’t think that a lot of people feel that in a free society, we should be legitimizing discrimination of our citizens based on religion.”
The quarrel over the religious-symbols law, months before an expected federal election, comes amid ongoing fights between Ottawa and the Quebec governments over infrastructure spending and the possibility of allowing the Quebec revenue agency to collect federal income taxes.
Bill 21 – “An Act Respecting the Laicity of the State” – lists dozens of government positions in which people would not be allowed to wear their faith, including judges, police officers, prosecutors, lawyers, court clerks, regulatory board members, school principals and teachers and other people in what the government describes as “positions of authority.”
Mr. Legault has said he hopes the law and the motion will enshrine the separation of church and state and end 15 years of acrimonious debate about the place of religion in Quebec. Early returns suggest conflict with Ottawa, religious minorities and the city of Montreal may instead be his future.
The legislation has shaken teachers who wear religious symbols such as the Muslim headscarf and now face obstacles in their career paths. “This is discriminatory,” said Nancy Nazha, a third-year education student who works as a substitute teacher in Montreal. Her teaching job may be covered by a grandfather clause but “it means I could never become a school principal. It says to me that not everyone is equal.”
The Quebec-born Ms. Nazha says her headscarf is part of her identity and she would never remove it.
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Nancy Nazha, a third-year special education student at UQAM university in Montreal, is from Lebanon and wears a hijab. She is concerned about the law tabled by the Quebec government that would ban Muslim veils and other religious symbols among teachers.Dario Ayala
“This isn’t worthy of Quebec or Canada, which is a free country where everyone should have rights and freedoms,” the 24-year-old said. ”As public employees, we represent the population. Quebec isn’t just Québécois. It’s everyone who lives here.”
The National Council of Canadian Muslims called the legislation discriminatory and regressive. Executive director Ihsaan Gardee said the timing of Quebec’s law was troubling.
“We’re concerned about how it might embolden people who already hold racist or hateful views to act out on them,” Mr. Gardee said in an interview. He noted that the legislation comes only two weeks after the mosque shooting in New Zealand that killed 50 worshippers, and two years after the Quebec City mosque attack that claimed six lives. Online hate is also on the rise, he said.
Quebec’s federation of teachers called it a “historic step backward” for religious freedom. The English Montreal School Board said it would refuse to enforce the law. Montreal Mayor Valérie Plante said she is “extremely concerned about the message the bill sends.”
The draft law, which is likely to pass with Mr. Legault’s party holding the majority of seats, includes a clause that would allow current employees to keep jobs and religious symbols, as long as they stayed in the same post.
Mr. Legault said he was proud of the bill and the motion to remove the crucifix, which marks a major departure from recent Quebec history. For nearly 15 years, Quebec legislators refused to move the cross – an artifact Maurice Duplessis installed in 1936 to illustrate the partnership between church and province.
“We will do whatever we can to bring people together,” Mr. Legault said. “That should be the objective of everyone in the weeks ahead, to have a serene debate. We are responding to what a large majority of Quebeckers want.”
Daniel Baril of the Mouvement laïque québécois, which previously fought to stop Saguenay city council from praying to start sessions, applauded the government for starting the process of removing the crucifix and taking steps toward government religious neutrality.
“The words in the law that have me ready to celebrate are that the principles of laïcité must be respected in fact and in appearance,” Mr. Baril told Radio-Canada. “If representatives of the state wear religious symbols, this is not the appearance of religious neutrality. Multiconfessionalism is not the same as laïcité.”
However, Mr. Baril said the law should not have contained a grandfather clause and should have been extended to all public employees and subsidized institutions.
The bill includes provisions to amend the Quebec Charter of Rights and to invoke the notwithstanding clause of the Constitution to preserve the law from challenge under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The bill adopts a law passed by a previous Quebec Liberal government dictating that people must provide services with faces uncovered by veils. Courts suspended the Liberal law last year. The CAQ version would face no such court hurdle with the constitutional override.
NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh said he understands the particularity of Quebec culture but disagrees with the bill. “This law that is being proposed is something that divides the population, that divides the province, instead of bringing people together. That, to me, is something that is saddening.”
Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer said “a society based on fundamental freedoms and openness must always protect fundamental individual rights and should not in any way impede people from expressing themselves and in any way infringing on those fundamental rights.”
Simon Jolin-Barrette, the Quebec minister carrying the file, faced a battery of questions about how the law would apply. While it covers public grade school teachers, it does not touch staff or faculty in public daycares, universities or colleges. It’s not clear what sanctions administrators who refuse to apply the law would face.
Dreadlocks and tattoos with religious significance are not banned, he said, because they are part of the body. Wedding rings are allowed along with a crucifix under clothing. “You’ll understand there will be no strip searches in the morning to check,” Mr. Jolin-Barrette said.
The Legault government, elected in October, hopes to pass the law by the end of June.
With a report from Daniel Leblanc in Ottawa