A maze of crude oil pipes and valves at the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in Freeport, Tex., on June 9, 2016.Richard Carson/Reuters
U.S. refiners are expected to buy more Canadian oil after the Biden administration ends releases from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) this fall, traders said, adding this should boost the price of Canadian barrels at a time of tight global supply.
The coming end of SPR releases could shift market dynamics again in a year of high volatility following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February. In March, the White House announced it would release 180 million barrels from the U.S. strategic reserve to help quell high prices.
The releases have weighed on the price of Western Canada Select (WCS), the benchmark Canadian heavy grade. That oil, because it has similar qualities to the sour crude that dominates U.S. reserves, has traded at around $20 a barrel below U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude for much of the summer. In 2021, the average WCS discount was $12.78 a barrel, according to the Alberta Energy Regulator.
The WCS discount to WTI is expected to narrow as the SPR supply dwindles, market sources said.
“Once that overhang goes through, and it may not be in Q4 or Q1, but in Q2 and beyond, we should see a much stronger differential than where we are right now,” one trader said. He added that he expected WCS traded in Alberta to be around $14 or $15 a barrel under WTI next year, compared with about $21 now.
However, increased medium sour crude production from OPEC countries such as Saudi Arabia, as well as discounted Russian Urals, could keep that differential wider, according to RBN Energy.
Canadian crude exports from the U.S. Gulf have dropped in the last two months, falling to around 130,000 barrels a day (b/d) in July and August, below last year’s pace of 200,000 b/d, said Matt Smith, lead oil analyst for the Americas at Kpler. Foreign buyers have turned to discounted Russian barrels, tempering Canadian crude exports.
“It’s a bit of a game of musical chairs,” Mr. Smith said. “When the SPR releases finish, these refiners will look to lean harder again on Canadian barrels or seaborne imports.”
Some market participants worry that limited pipeline capacity from Canada to the United States could cause bottlenecks. This could cause a glut in the Alberta hub, which could in turn drive down prices there.
Canada hit record production of 5.5 million barrels a day of oil in 2021, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, and is forecast to reach 5.7 million b/d this year.
Enbridge Inc is once again rationing pipeline capacity, in a practice known as apportionment, on its Mainline system as Canadian output has risen. That system ships the bulk of Canadian crude exports to the United States.
Apportionment fell steeply last year when the Line 3 pipeline expansion opened and stopped entirely from March until July, but Enbridge has since started rationing capacity on its Mainline again. Crude deliveries into the Kerrobert, Sask., hub were apportioned by 2 per cent in August and 6 per cent in September, Enbridge said.