An expected sharp fall in battery costs for energy storage in coming years will accelerate the shift to renewable energy from fossil fuels, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said on Thursday.
While renewable energy by itself is already much cheaper than coal and gas-fired plants, weather can interrupt solar and wind power and must be paired with energy storage systems to provide reliable sources of energy.
The total capital costs of battery storage are due to tumble by up to 40 per cent by 2030, the Paris-based watchdog said in its Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions report.
“The combination of solar PV (photovoltaic) and batteries is today competitive with new coal plants in India,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.
“And just in the next few years, it will be cheaper than new coal in China and gas-fired power in the United States. Batteries are changing the game before our eyes.”
About 90 per cent of lithium ion batteries are used in the transport sector, which focuses on dense and light units. There is more scope for cutting costs in energy storage batteries, which can be larger and heavier.
Cheaper lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries accounted for 80 per cent of new storage batteries last year, the IEA said.
Cheaper sodium-ion batteries will account for less than 10 per cent of electric vehicle batteries by 2030, but they will make up a growing share of energy storage batteries, it added.
The global market for energy storage doubled last year to over 90 gigawatt-hours (GWh), the report said.
Overall global energy storage capacity is due to soar six-fold by 2030, with batteries accounting for 90 per cent of the rise and pumped hydropower for most of the rest.
Pumped hydropower is a system that involves pumping water to a higher reservoir during off peak times to generate electricity at peak times.
The slide in battery costs will also help provide electricity to millions of people without access, cutting by nearly half the average electricity costs of mini-grids with solar PV coupled with batteries by 2030, the IEA said.