A sudden crash in global gasoline prices in the past two weeks has dented refiners’ profits, pushing up inventories in key trading hubs around the world while looming exports from China and India also add to pressure on growing stockpiles.
Refiners will be forced to cut gasoline output to safeguard themselves against losses and switch to producing more profitable fuels, traders say, but summer demand is also being hurt by high pump prices in the United States and Europe, and by instability and easing seasonal demand in some parts of Asia.
This has led to a rise in inventories from Singapore to Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp and the United States, according to traders, analysts and inventory data.
Asia’s top fuel exporter Taiwan’s Formosa Petrochemical Corp. could reduce operating rates at their residue fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) units, which are now running at full capacity, by 5 per cent in the coming weeks.
“We will sell more VLSFO [very low sulfur fuel oil] because their margins are better,” Formosa’s spokesperson K.Y. Lin told Reuters. VLSFO can be used as a feedstock for RFCC units to produce gasoline or be sold as marine fuel.
Asian gasoline margins have plunged more than 102 per cent in July to a discount of 14 US cents a barrel to Brent crude after hitting a record at a premium of US$38.05 a barrel in June, Refinitiv data showed. They are also at the lowest for this time of the year since at least 2000.
That has depressed Asian refining margins to 88 US cents a barrel over Dubai crude on Monday, tumbling from a record US$30.49 in June.
Chinese state refiners are expected to raise refinery runs in August-September and increase exports to lower high domestic stocks after receiving new quotas, industry sources said.
One of the sources estimated national crude throughput could claw back to 14 million barrels a day (b/d) or higher, after staying under that level for most of the past 12 months partly because of COVID-19 lockdowns.
India’s gasoline exports could rise by 15,000 to 20,000 b/d, bringing August and September exports to an average of 260,000 b/d, consultancy FGE estimates, following the removal of gasoline export duty last week.
Meanwhile, first-half July gasoline imports into Asia dropped 240,000 tonnes from second-half June levels led by Indonesian declines, Asia’s largest gasoline importer, FGE said in a note.
In Sri Lanka and Pakistan, demand has been hit by economic and political turmoil, further exacerbating the thinning of regional margins, traders said.
FGE expects Asian gasoline demand, excluding China, to improve only marginally between July and September, averaging 80,000 b/d lower than levels seen during the same period in 2019, as high retail prices weigh on demand.
In the United States, gasoline products that are derivatives of gasoline – a proxy for demand – was about 8.5 million b/d, or about 7.6 per cent lower than the same time a year ago, government data show.
“Refinery production increased throughout June in response to high crack spreads. At the same time, gasoline consumption decreased below 2021 levels beginning in April,” according to the EIA’s short-term energy outlook.
The so-called 321 crack spread, a proxy for refining margins, have fallen to the lowest in more than three months at US$37.57 a barrel last week, down from historical highs of nearly US$60 in June but still well above seasonal levels.
Meanwhile, gasoline spot prices in New York Harbor have fallen to US$3.35 in mid-July from US$4.43 a gallon in June, traders said.
“Refiners must be concerned about the large storage builds during the summer driving season, and I would not be surprised to see another hit to the refinery utilization rate in next week’s report,” said Bob Yawger, director of energy futures at Mizuho.
In Europe, traffic congestion data from navigation data group TomTom suggests urban fuel demand has started falling. Inventories in the region have also increased reflecting the trend. Gasoline stocks were up 2.4 per cent year-on-year in June, Euroilstock data showed.
Northwest European gasoline barge refining margins were around US$10 a barrel on Friday, down from a record US$56 in early June.
Citi analysts, however, expect refining margins to strengthen again into the fourth quarter due to a demand boost from potential gas-to-oil switching in Europe and further reduction of Russian diesel exports from European Union sanctions.
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