Piping is seen on the top of a receiving platform which will be connected to the Coastal GasLink natural gas pipeline terminus at the LNG Canada export terminal under construction, in Kitimat, B.C., on Sept. 28, 2022.DARRYL DYCK/The Canadian Press
David Miller is the managing director of the C40 Centre for City Climate Policy and Economy, and the author of Solved: How the World’s Great Cities Are Fixing the Climate Crisis.
The environmental implications of liquefied natural gas – and of natural gas itself – are serious and, as a fossil-fuel-producing country, we need an honest conversation about them.
The fossil-fuel industry – and many Canadian politicians, particularly, but not exclusively, those from Conservative parties – pretend that natural gas is somehow good for the environment as it displaces dirtier coal. Such natural-gas boosters are pushing for this country to export more.
But natural gas is not a transition fuel to clean energy in any way whatsoever, and we need to avoid its use everywhere possible if we are going to avoid irreversible climate breakdown, with its huge consequences – environmentally, socially and economically. In fact, from a climate-change perspective, “natural” gas is nearly as dirty as coal, and LNG is even worse.
“Natural” gas is actually methane, a potent greenhouse gas. And while it is true that at the point of burning it creates less environmental damage than coal, it is also true that because of leaks in the gas distribution systems that dangerously release methane directly to the air, the overall harmful impact on our climate of using gas to generate electricity or heat our homes and office buildings is nearly as bad as coal. This is well established, as C40 Cities' October, 2022, study demonstrates.
LNG is far worse. New research published in the Energy, Science and Research Journal confirms what industry insiders have known for a long time – that the process of liquefying and transporting LNG creates significant carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane emissions, which according to the study, makes LNG a higher-emitting fuel than coal.
These conclusions are supported by significant data and are consistent with other evidence. The general point is irrefutable: producing and using gas, particularly LNG, is significantly harmful to our climate. The oil and gas industry surely knows all of this – the companies have superb scientists and engineers, and we know from court documents that they have known for decades that their products cause climate change – yet they and their advocates still perpetuate the false idea that LNG and gas are clean, safe alternatives.
We can dramatically reduce emissions from gas, but to do so starts with the recognition that gas is a dangerous fossil fuel and needs to be treated as such. That mindset allows for action – and there are clear steps we can take.
A first step is ensuring that provincial and federal environmental assessments for new or expanded LNG projects require that the proposed project demonstrate how it will lower global emissions. Such a requirement would give a fair opportunity for proponents to prove their claims that LNG lowers global emissions, as argued in a massive and controversial advertising campaign by Canada Action, a non-profit that promotes the oil and gas industry, in British Columbia and Ontario last year.
Second, the industry needs to immediately address and ameliorate methane leaks, for example by using sophisticated monitoring now possible from satellites. This likely will require regulation, as voluntary action has been woefully lacking.
Third, we need to reduce the use of gas significantly where the problem is most acute – the gas used to heat and cool buildings. Dramatically reducing this reliance is technically and financially feasible today. Existing buildings can be made significantly more energy-efficient and electrified, and building codes amended to end the use of gas in new buildings.
Much more can be done, too – for example, it is possible to transition away from gas for electricity generation as well, by learning from the massive rise in solar installations across the world and using the potential for geothermal energy in provinces such as Alberta.
The sooner we acknowledge the facts about gas and LNG, the sooner we can do our part to make the world safer. Future generations will thank us.